Music from the Earliest Notations to the Sixteenth Century

An early witness to the practice of “prosulation”—as good a term as any for the interpolation of syllabic ...

FIG. 2-1 Notker Balbulus, a ninth-century monk from the Swiss monastery of St. Gallen, shown in an illu ...

hundred years. That structure, which begins to suggest strophic repetitions, may be the reason why Notker calle ...

This was not only a remarkable composition but a famous one. It is found complete on a French manuscrip ...

FIG. 2-2 Rex caeli Domine, a sequence-like hymn probably dating from the ninth century. (a) Its most ...

EX. 2-6 Polyphonic example from Musica enchiriadis (Fig. 2-2b) transcribed This is not a polyphonic “composition ...

Musica enchiriadis, is its notation. It is called Daseian notation after the Greek prosodia daseia, the “sig ...

FIG. 2-3 St. Ambrose, the fourth-century governor and bishop of Milan who introduced Byzantine-style hymn-singing ...

EX. 2-7A Three Frankish hymns EX. 2-7B Pange lingua gloriosi EX. 2-7C Veni creator spiritus TROPES Sequences and h ...

The Benedictine monastery of Cluny, in east-central France, was founded by the Abbot Berno in 910 under the patr ...

set of tropes to the Introit, introducing not only the first stich but each of the other two as well. An ...

entertaining detail, beginning with the famous incipit Quem quaeritis (“Whom do you seek?”), then substitutin ...

dismissal versicle (Ite, missa est—from which the term Missa, for Mass, was adopted) and its response, De ...

rounded “ternary form” (ABA) to match the adapted text. Its neumatic antiphon-like style makes it suitable ...

What is especially fascinating is the way in which Regnum tuum solidum itself became a site for embellishmen ...

EX. 2-13 A prosula within a neuma within a laus within a Gloria KYRIES The remaining “ordinary” chant, th ...

significant acts that may be firmly associated with his name, decreed in a letter that the formula Kyrie el ...

This, then, was a Kyrie that to a ninth-century writer looked normal, consisting as it did of a traditiona ...

It has been suggested that the reason for the appearance of texted and melismatic Kyrie melodies side by sid ...

“OLD ROMAN” AND OTHER CHANT DIALECTS The reintroduction of the Frankish redaction, or adaptation, of the Roman ...