490 Index
Robinson, James W., 232
Roker, Al, 16
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 9, 273, 392
Rose, Daniel, 450–453
Rowland, Robert, 87
Rudd, Kevin, 165S
Safety needs, 357
Safire, William, 243
Sajak, Pat, 274
Samovar, Larry, 114
Satisfaction, in motivated sequence, 406
Schnabel, Arthur, 274
The School for Scandal (Sheridan), 430
Schwab, Charles M., 1
Schweitzer, Brian, 53
Scientology, 108
Second Inaugural Address (Obama), 77, 447–450
Secondary sources, 171
Sedition Act, 52
Seidenberg, Ivan, 171
Seinfeld, Jerry, 16
Selecting sounds, 67
Self-actualization needs, 357
Self-esteem needs, 357
Sentences, short, 246
Sequences, of events or procedures, presentation
aids to help illustrate, 292
Service groups, in audience analysis, 110
Sex, 106
Sexist language, 243–244
Sexual orientation, in audience analysis, 106–107
Shakespeare, William, 123, 253, 343
Shepard, Judy, 21
Shepard, Matthew, 21
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 430
Sign, reasoning by, 378–379
Signposts, 194–198, 216
Silence, 274
Similes, 245, 391
Simon, Carly, 16
Situational audience analysis, 117–120
Slander, 52
Sleep, 281
Small group communication, 435–444
leadership and, 441–444
participation in, 440–441
problem solving and, 436–440
Social groups, in audience analysis, 110
Social judgment theory, 363
Social needs, 357Reasoning (continued)
evaluating, 83–84
faulty, 386–388
inductive, 376–379, 382
by sign, 378–379
supporting with evidence, 382–385
Recall. See Memory
Receiver, in communication process, 6
Recency, organizing by, 185, 192
Red herring fallacy, 387–388
Redundancy, to enhance audience recall, 333
Reference resources, 160
Reflective thinking, 437
Refutation, to organize persuasive speeches,
403–404, 408
Regionalisms, 242
Regulation, gestures for, 265
Rehearsal
delivery and, 278–280
for extemporaneous speaking, 261
of facial expressions, 268
of informative speeches, 338–339
of persuasive speeches, 368
with presentation aids, 307–308
tips for, 278–280
Reinforcing, main ideas, 334–335
Relational-oriented listeners, 78
Relationships, 103
Religion, in audience analysis, 108
Reluctant testimony, 384
Remembering. See also Memory
listening and, 68
Repetition
to create cadence, 248, 250
gestures for, 264
Research strategies, for supporting material, 162–164
Responding, 68
Responses
in audience analysis, 125–127
emotional, 389–390
motivating audience to respond and, 230–231
to nonverbal cues, 121–123
Reverence, appeals to, 392
Rhetoric, 8, 85, 348
crisis, 245
visual, 292
Rhetorical criticism, 85
Rhetorical questions, 221
Rhetorical strategies, 87–88
Rice, Susan, 57–58
Roberts, Julia, 16
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