A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

1192 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism by Lech Walesa (1943- ), an electrician from Gdansk, Solidarity put forwar ...

The Fall of Communism 1193 In sharp contrast, no liberalization of any kind took place in Romania. Nicolae Ceaufescu (1918-1989) ...

1194 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism positions of responsibility and ordered the relaxation of censorship. Arti ...

The Fall of Communism 1195 ity, for example, in Azerbaijan between Muslim Azerbaijanis and Christian Armenians. Second, in 1989, ...

1196 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism considerable global television exposure, leading to enormous personal popu ...

The Fall of Communism 1197 eminent, it was the continued pitiful performance of the economy that fatally undermined communism. I ...

1198 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism Border guards cut down the Hungarian “Iron Curtain.” greatly encouraged op ...

The Fall of Communism 1199 The Collapse of the Berlin Wall and of East German Communism As pressure for change mounted in Poland ...

1200 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism When Egon Krenz announced that East Germans could travel where and when th ...

The Fall of Communism 1201 The “Velvet Revolution” in Czechoslovakia In Czechoslovakia, where the Communist leadership resisted ...

1202 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism Czechoslovakia. From Moscow, Gorbachev advised the Czechoslovak lead­ ers ...

The Fall of Communism 1203 pendent Slovakia. On January 1, 1993, the “velvet divorce” took place: the Czech Republic and Slovaki ...

1204 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism security force now believed change to be inevitable. The new government pu ...

The Fall of Communism 1205 crowds, and tanks crushed protesters in a scene haunt­ ingly reminiscent of Beijing’s Tiananmen Squar ...

1206 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism Communist backlash, particularly in the countryside, where Hoxha had been ...

The Fall of Communism 1207 In Russia, the charismatic, hard-drinking, impulsive Boris Yeltsin (1931-2007) had risen to positions ...

1208 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism president of the “Russian Federation,” another sign of how quickly the Sov ...

The Fall of Communism 1209 bachev, too, acknowledged that the Soviet Union no longer existed. Sym­ bolically, Leningrad again as ...

1210 Ch. 29 • Democracy and the Collapse of Communism during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913). In the meantime, ethnic Albanians clai ...

The Fall of Communism 1211 Map 29.2 The Disintegration of Yugoslavia, 1995 The fall of the Commu­ nists in Yugoslavia led to the ...