A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

66 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance Next in number—surprisingly—came the sons of nobles, perhaps reflect­ ing the relative decline in nob ...

Renaissance Art 67 Stories of Saint John the Evan­ gelist: Vision on the Island of PatmoSy fresco by Giotti, Peruzzi Chapel in t ...

68 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance that contrast with the powerful, stirring sub­ jects of the tempestuous Michelangelo. Reflect­ ing ne ...

Renaissance Art 69 Andrea Mantegna’s The Dead Christ (c. 1506), an example of Renaissance treatment of perspective. also contrib ...

70 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance To Leonardo, painting was the highest form of science, based on “what has passed through our senses.” ...

Renaissance Art 71 A section of Michelangelo's fresco, The Creation of Many on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, the Vatican, s ...

72 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci’s The Last Supper (c. 1495-1498). “Julius Caeser Pont[ifex]. II,” a term that meant ...

The End of the Renaissance 73 The End of the Renaissance Late in the fifteenth century, the Italian city-states entered a period ...

74 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance • Foreign Invasion As long as the Italian peninsula remained free from the intervention of France and ...

The End of the Renaissance 75 France. The latter decided to press his dubious claim to the throne of Naples, encouraged by the S ...

76 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance Girolamo Savonarola being burned at the stake in Florence, sixteenth-century painting. predecessors w ...

The End of the Renaissance^77 The pensive Niccolo Machiavelli. capable of threatening social order. The devoted Florentine Nic­ ...

78 Ch. 2 • The Renaissance could only be reestablished through “good laws and institutions/’ but these, for Machiavelli, depende ...

The End of the Renaissance 79 an anxious inscription: “I Sandro painted this picture at the end of the year 1500 in the troubles ...

CHAPTER 3 THE TWO REFORMATIONS After paying a handsome sum to Pope Leo X in 1515, Albert of Hohenzollern received a papal dispen ...

The Two Reformations 81 (Left) The young Martin Luther by Lucas Cranach. (Right) The pope selling indulgences. nating in the Ger ...

82 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations The Northern Renaissance Until the middle of the fifteenth century, the Renaissance had been lim ...

The Northern Renaissance 83 more than Italian Renaissance ideal­ ism in their portrayal of the human body. They broke away from ...

84 Ch. 3 • The Two Reformations In England at the end of the sixteenth century, Latin remained the lan­ guage of high culture. T ...

The Roots of the Reformation 85 Erasmus’s attacks on those who believed in the curing power of relics (remains of saints ven­ er ...