A History of Modern Europe - From the Renaissance to the Present

146 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion southwestern German state of Swabia, for example, was divided among sixty-eight secular and for ...

The Thirty Years' War (J 618-1648) 147 Moreover, Rudolf’s cousin Archduke Ferdinand II (1578-1637) withdrew the religious tolera ...

148 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion to prevent Catholics from holding a procession. The following year, Duke Maximilian of Bavaria ...

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) 149 Map 4.2 The Thirty Years’War, 1618-1648 Protestant and Catholic armies clashed in battles ...

150 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion Protestant prince in Central Europe. In 1619, the Estates offered Freder­ ick the crown, and he ...

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) 151 and conquest of most of the Palatinate forced Frederick to abandon his claims to Bohemia’s ...

152 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion The Catholic army defeated the Danes in 1626, and then marched to the Baltic coast, crossed int ...

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) 1 53 King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden in battle. barely a million inhabitants, was more than G ...

154 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion assistance against the Protestant armies. But the Protestant electors of Saxony and Brandenburg ...

The Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) 155 the final time, and then ordered his murder. In February 1634, an Irish mercenary crept in ...

156 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion from home, living off the land to survive. Strident propaganda against other religions may have ...

The Thirty Years' War (/ 6 1 8-1648) 157 The Wars of Religion and Dynastic Struggles (1635-1648) Between 1635 and 1648, what had ...

158 Cn. 4 • The Wars of Rllkjion king s authority in France (see Chapter 7), forced the young Louis XIV to seek peace. The Treat ...

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160 Ch. 4 • The Wars of Religion as crimes, and their defenders and followers sacrificed. Not to the public well-being, but only ...

The Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) 161 agricultural productivity. It would be decades before the German states recovered from the ...

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Part Two Statemaking During the last half of the fifteenth century, the bal­ ance of economic and political power in Europe bega ...

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CHAPTER 5 In 1585, Protestant England went to war with Catholic Spain. On July 30, 1 588, English observers on the cliffs above ...