China in World History

42 China in World History supernatural god or creator, and depended on no deity or divine revela- tions as the basis of his teac ...

The Era of Division 43 diffi cult that only monks and nuns could hope to reach enlightenment. In Tantric Buddhism, which develop ...

44 China in World History rendered in Chinese as xiaoxun, or fi lial piety, making Indian morality appear to be very Chinese and ...

The Era of Division 45 built inns along roadways offering meals and lodging to travelers. They also opened pawnshops where poor ...

46 China in World History In addition to these caves associated with emperors and would-be emperors, numerous other Buddhist wor ...

The Era of Division 47 them on their travels and paid their expenses so they could devote their time and attention to spreading ...

48 China in World History The most far-reaching of Feng’s reforms was the institution of the “equal-fi eld system.” Under this s ...

The Era of Division 49 Daoism fl ourished as a philosophy and religion. Buddhism became the dominant religion in north and south ...

D uring the long three and a half centuries of disunion after the fall of the Han dynasty, the weak southern regimes were domi- ...

Reunified Empires 51 Zhou. By 589, forces loyal to Yang Jian had eliminated all remnants of the Northern Zhou ruling elite, incl ...

52 China in World History TurfanTurfan KhotanKhotan KashgarKashgar YarkandYarkand SamarkandSamarkand TRANSOXIANA SOGDIANA DZUNGA ...

Reunified Empires 53 weakness of the Sui court. A northern nomadic tribe that had been a Sui ally before the Korean invasions no ...

54 China in World History offi cials. Equally important, he was able to encourage, accept, and learn from their criticisms. He p ...

Reunified Empires 55 The Tang was the most cosmopolitan of all Chinese dynasties. The Li family founders (like the Yang family f ...

56 China in World History clearest understanding yet of a number of important Buddhist schools. Xuanzang’s pilgrimage was later ...

Reunified Empires 57 religious life lay not in ritual, expensive icons, or works of art but in the common tasks of daily life. W ...

58 China in World History fi rst of many strokes in 660, she began to dominate all the decisions of his court. Empress Wu recrui ...

Reunified Empires 59 surfaced in the court, she dealt with opponents ruthlessly, sending many to death, including two of her own ...

60 China in World History fair taxes, keeping government expenses under control, and maintain- ing social order and peace on the ...

Reunified Empires 61 Suzong, mobilized an army bolstered with mercenary soldiers, mostly Arabs and Uighurs from Central Asia. By ...