China in World History

82 China in World History of productivity. Intense warfare greatly reduced the population, and the spread of infectious diseases ...

Diminished Empire and Nomadic Challengers 83 own family. Still refusing surrender, he fl ed to the southernmost prov- ince of Gu ...

84 China in World History Ironically, during this period of “foreign rule,” the Mongol court came to sponsor the very ideas of t ...

Z hu Yuanzhang, the Ming dynasty founder, was born into a desperately poor peasant family. He was such a sickly baby that his pa ...

86 China in World History Red Turban commanders. He then declared the founding of a new dynasty, the Ming (meaning “bright” or “ ...

Early Modern China 87 before being fi lled out. What might have been a simple move toward effi ciency the Hongwu emperor interpr ...

88 China in World History the Confucian model of a great emperor. He had scholars prepare the defi nitive edition of The Four Bo ...

Early Modern China 89 TIBETTIBET (autonomous after(autonomous after 1912 but under1912 but under British protectorate)British pr ...

90 China in World History have been if the Chinese had used their naval superiority in the fi fteenth century as the Europeans d ...

Early Modern China 91 of Jingdezhen came in the Ming to employ more than 10,000 workers. Using a special clay from that area and ...

92 China in World History people carry the Buddha-nature within themselves. Wang declared that to fi nd moral truth one needed a ...

Early Modern China 93 employed many painters to make imperial portraits, supply murals for palaces and temples, and commemorate ...

94 China in World History As the former concubine of a famous government minister, she became one of the most expensive courtesa ...

Early Modern China 95 sixteenth century, the “Single Whip Tax Reform,” combining land and labor taxes into one annual payment in ...

96 China in World History This Manchu bannerman, part of the Imperial Bodyguard, tests his bow from a crouching position. Manchu ...

Early Modern China 97 the city and for ten days were given free rein to rape, loot, and kill the entire population at random. So ...

98 China in World History An itinerant barber in Beijing, photographed in 1865, tends a customer with the Manchu hairstyle (head ...

Early Modern China 99 scholars and offi cials to compile a massive encyclopedia, several kinds of Chinese dictionaries, authorit ...

100 China in World History Four Treasuries was to include a copy of every signifi cant work ever published in Chinese. Part of t ...

Early Modern China 101 of dynastic decline. Government institutions and revenues did not keep pace with the rapid population gro ...