SAT Subject Test Chemistry,10 edition
corresponding neutral atoms, and the greater the negative charge, the larger the ionic radius (see answer to quest ...
11 . A The closely spaced split d orbitals allow for relatively low energy transitions; these transitions oft ...
Chapter 5 Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure The atoms of many elements can combine to form molecules. T ...
row, such as phosphorus and sulfur, which can expand their octets to include more than eight electrons by ...
Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds When two atoms with large differences in electronegativity react, there is ...
The cationic species (usually metals) are usually named simply as the element, e.g., NaCl: sodium chloride, Ca ...
Using the above rules, then, one can determine the names of ionic compounds such as the following: NaClO 4 s ...
As described in the previous chapter, metals, which are found in the left part of the periodic table, g ...
Covalent Bonds When two or more atoms with similar electronegativities interact, they achieve a noble gas ...
A covalent bond can be characterized by two features: bond length and bond energy. BOND LENGTH Bond l ...
Lewis Structures As mentioned above, the shared valence electrons of a covalent bond are called the bonding ele ...
Certain steps must be followed in assigning a Lewis structure to a molecule. These steps are outlined ...
FORMAL CHARGE The number of electrons officially assigned to an atom in a Lewis structure does not alway ...
Nitrogen is in group VA; thus it has 5 valence electrons. In NH 4 +, N has 4 bonds (i.e., 8 bonding electr ...
Resonance structures can differ only in the way the electrons are distributed; the arrangement of the actual atoms ...
EXCEPTIONS TO THE OCTET RULE AND LEWIS STRUCTURES As mentioned above, atoms found in or beyond the third p ...
Types of Covalent Bonding The nature of a covalent bond depends on the relative electronegativities of the at ...
QUICK QUIZ Match each of the following descriptions with the lettered types of bonds below. Answers: COOR ...
NH 3 donates a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond; thus, it acts as a Lewis ...
Geometry and Polarity of Covalent Molecules The Lewis structure is not necessarily a good pictorial represen ...
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