SAT Subject Test Chemistry,10 edition
energy of the particles in a system; this occurs during a phase change. Heat is required to melt somethi ...
The flat portions imply that the temperature is not changing, and correspond to the processes of melting and b ...
States and State Functions The state of a system is described by the macroscopic properties of the system. Exam ...
on the enthalpies of the initial and final states, not on the path. Thus, to find the enthalpy change of a r ...
(the two possible sequences share the same initial state and the same final state), the change in enthalpy ...
g) where ∆Hd = ∆He + ∆Hf + ∆Hg. Standard Enthalpy of Formation Hess’s law is useful because measuring the ch ...
∆H°rxn = (sum of ∆H°f of products) – (sum of ∆H°f of reactants) Earlier we gave a general definitio ...
(i.e., bond breaking is endothermic). Bond energy, or bond dissociation energy, is an average of the ener ...
∆Hf of C (g) = 715 kJ/mol Solution: For each mole of CH 4 formed, 2 moles of H—H bonds are broken and 4 ...
ENTROPY Entropy (S) is a measure of the disorder, or randomness, of a system. The units of entropy are energy/tempe ...
∆Suniverse = ∆Ssystem + ∆Ssurroundings ≥ 0 Note that the entropy of a system can decrease, as long as ...
∆G = ∆H – T∆S where T is the absolute temperature. Spontaneity of Reaction In the equilibrium state, free ene ...
Standard free energy change, ΔGº, is defined as the ΔG of a process occurring under standard conditions, and ...
Unlike the mass action expression, the values for the concentrations are not necessarily those at equilibrium. Becau ...
when water vapor condenses: H-bonds are formed, and energy is released; the reaction is exothermic (ΔH is negat ...
Review Questions 1 . A process involving no heat exchange is known as (A) an isothermal process (B) an isoba ...
steam vary with temperature; for this problem, use the estimate of 0.5 cal/g • K for both. The specif ...
8 . A 50 g sample of metal was heated to 100°C and then dropped into a beaker containing 50 g of water ...
Bond Average Bond Energy C≡O 1075 kJ/mol C=O 728 kJ/mol C–Cl 326 kJ/mol Cl–Cl 243 kJ/mol 11 . Calculate the h ...
Answer Key REVIEW QUESTIONS 1 . C 2 . A 3 . C 4 . C 5 . B 6 . D 7 . B 8 . B 9 . A 10 . B 11 . ...
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