American Government and Politics Today, Brief Edition, 2014-2015

256 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT Capture The act by which an industry being regulated by a government agency ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 257 A private corporation has shareholders (stockholders) who in principle elect a board of dir ...

258 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT The auto companies and AIG had announced plans to do likewise. In October 2 ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 259 Spoils System The awarding of government jobs to political supporters and friends. Merit Sy ...

260 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT federal employees were covered by the merit system initially. Later laws, a ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 261 Government in the Sunshine Act A law that requires all committee-directed federal agencies ...

262 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT Privatization The replacement of government services with services provided ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 263 Whistleblower In the context of gov- ernment, someone who brings gross governmental ineffic ...

264 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT Enabling Legislation A statute enacted by Congress that authorizes the crea ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 265 enforced. During that period, businesses, individuals, and state and local governments can ...

266 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT Iron Triangle A three-way alliance among legislators in Congress, bureaucra ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 267 Issue Network A group of individuals or organizations—which may consist of legislators and ...

268 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT The federal government collects billions of pieces of information on tens o ...

chAPTeR eleven • The BuReAucRAcy 269 bureaucracy 248 cabinet department 251 capture 256 Civil Service Commission 259 enabling le ...

270 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons oF AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT testyourself LO1 Discuss the nature of the federal bureaucracy, and identif ...

271 As Alexis de Tocqueville, a French commentator on American society in the 1800s, noted, “scarcely any political question ar ...

272 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons of AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT Common Law Judge-made law that originated in England from decisions shaped ...

chAPTeR TweLve • The JudIcIARy 273 Case Law Judicial interpretations of common law principles and doctrines, as well as interpre ...

274 PART ThRee • InsTITuTIons of AmeRIcAn GoveRnmenT Jurisdiction The authority of a court to decide certain cases. Not all cour ...

chAPTeR TweLve • The JudIcIARy 275 of class-action lawsuits was pioneered by such groups as the National Association for the Adv ...