Take a Diagnostic Exam h 29
to subtropical and tropical regions in the Amer-
icas, Oceania, and Africa (B). They usually
came from Asia, Africa, and the Pacifi c (D).
- A Hawaiian sugar plantations employed work-
ers from China, Japan, the Philippines, Korea,
Portugal, and the Pacifi c islands; this situa-
tion produced ethnic divisions and tensions.
Japanese intolerance was displayed in violence
toward the people of Nanking (B). Social Dar-
winism was used to support racism (C). Most
subject peoples preferred to be educated in
their native language rather than in a European
language (D).
- B The “track” being laid out covers up the
bodies of victims of its policies. Although
China was preparing to host the 2008 Olym-
pics, choice (A) is neither the best answer nor
the subject of the cartoon. The newspaper
headline does not indicate worldwide approval
(C). The traditional Great Wall is shown with
the modern city of Beijing, indicating China’s
efforts at modernization (D).
- D Chinese women are allowed to enter the
professions. China has been criticized for
imposing its one-child policy in Tibet and
driving Tibetans from their country (A). The
one-child policy has led to forced abortions and
sterilizations as well as increased female infanti-
cide (B). In 1989, government forces put down
student protests in favor of greater political
rights in Tiananmen Square (C).
- C The Negritude movement attempted to
foster pride in being African and to encour-
age the fi ght for independence. Imperialists
planned for a slow transition to independence
(A). After colonialism, Africa’s trade advantage
decreased or remained constant (B). Boundar-
ies of independent nations tended to coincide
with colonial boundaries, perpetuating divisions
between ethnic groups (D).
- B By the end of World War I, the U.S. econ-
omy soared, increasing its status as a key world
power. Whereas Japan prospered to a lesser
extent (A), Russia and France suffered econom-
ically because the war was carried out within
their borders (C, D).
- B The nutrients generated by improved agri-
cultural methods have contributed to lower
mortality rates. Fertility rates have tended to
decrease even in poor societies (A). In spite
of the AIDS crisis, the population of Africa is
increasing (C). Regions with high fertility rates
also show lower mortality rates (D).
- B Both independently discovered the value
of the zero as a place holder, allowing them to
engage in complex mathematical calculations.
The Mayans alone were known for the con-
struction of large ceremonial pyramids (A). The
Gupta experienced constant threats from fron-
tier peoples (C), and they knew that the earth is
round (D).
- B The map is of Bosnia, which gave the term
“ethnic cleansing” to the genocide carried out
in its confl ict with Serbia in the 1990s. Located
in the Balkans, the region also contributed the
word “balkanization” to describe the nationalist
sentiment emerging from the various nations
located within the country of Yugoslavia. The
other responses do not pertain to Bosnia.
- A Christianity uses pictures and statues of
Jesus, whereas Hinduism uses images to rep-
resent the various forms of its deity. Judaism
does not represent its deity through images
(B). Confucianism does not worship a deity,
and the Buddha is considered a deity only
in Mahayana Buddhism (C). Islam does not
represent Allah or any human form through
images (D).
- B The period from 600 b.c.e. to 600 c.e.
marks the rise of classical civilizations and
empires such as those of Persia, Han China,
Rome, and Gupta India. Agricultural societies
had developed throughout most of the world
before 600 b.c.e. (A). Although trade had
begun to develop more widely in this period,
it was not global (C). Pastoral and agricultural
societies had interacted in the period before
600 b.c.e. (D)
- C Both philosophies emerged as a response
to the political unrest at the end of the Zhou
dynasty. Daoism places greater emphasis on the
balance of nature (A). Confucianism is more
focused than Daoism on authoritative govern-
ment (B), and good education (D).
- A The construction of the Panama Canal was
realized by U.S. intervention, but not through
imposition of the Mon roe Doctrine. The
canal offered steam ships a route through the
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