Take a Diagnostic Exam h 31
- D Millets allowed ethnic and religious groups
within Islamic empires to be responsible only
to the sultan, decreasing ethnic cooperation
(B) and strengthening ethnic identities. The
large number of communities in India made
the millet system impractical (A). The millets
allowed religious freedom (C).
- D Neo-Confucianism, which emphasized obe-
dience to authority, was popular in both China
and Japan. As the Tokugawa family continued
in power, it became increasingly suspicious of
foreigners (A). The sixteenth and seventeenth
centuries saw civil war in Japan (B). Japanese
were forbidden to journey outside Japan (C).
- D India purchased British manufactured goods
rather than manufacturing its own textiles.
British sale of inexpensive manufactured goods
to the Indians (A) destroyed much of India’s
domestic textile production (B). The British
made sure that more cotton was produced for
export than for Indian consumption (C).
- D The Ottomans survived into the early twen-
tieth century because the European powers
could not decide what to do about the Otto-
mans without disrupting the European balance
of power. Tanzimet reforms and those of the
Young Turks failed to bring long-term changes
(A). Ottoman artisans rioted against the infl ux
of foreign goods (B). European powers were
granted the right of extraterritoriality (C).
- A Its victory in the Russo-Japanese War in
1904–5 made Japan a world power. Japan
developed industrially, but its natural resources
were scarce (B). It accepted Western inter-
vention to further industrialization (C), and
adopted a parliamentary government (D).
- D Asian and African rulers were most inter-
ested in Western technology, especially
weaponry. They already had their own form
of medical treatments (A) and agricultural
techniques (B). Although some African rulers
embraced Christianity, the religion was gener-
ally unpopular in Asia in the nineteenth cen-
tury (C).
- A Both Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman
Empire were composed of diverse national
cultures. Austria-Hungary included the King-
dom of Hungary (B). Austria lost some of its
power to Germany, while the Ottoman Empire
continued a steady decline (C). Neither was
suffi ciently powerful to disrupt the balance of
power; the Ottoman Empire was not disbanded
by European nations because the breakup might
destroy the balance of power (D).
- C The effi ciency of machinery decreased the
need for human labor. The need for African
palm oil increased because of its use as a lubri-
cant for machinery (A). Initially, European
industrial cities were crowded, unsanitary, and
dangerous (B). European imperialist powers
tended not to construct factories in their colo-
nies (D).
- D Brazil gained its independence relatively
peacefully; similarly, Canada received its inde-
pendence peacefully from the British in 1867.
Haiti became independent from France after
a revolution in 1804 (A); Argentina (B) and
Mexico (C) also underwent revolutions to win
their independence from Spain.
- A The subject of the passage, human rights, is
an indication that it is excerpted from the Hel-
sinki Accords, which deals with human rights.
The Camp David Accords dealt with peace in
the Middle East (B). The Truman Doctrine
pledged the assistance of the free world to
nations threatened with Communist aggression
(C). The Treaty of Versailles dealt harsh terms
to Germany after World War I (D).
- D During the twentieth century, native Afri-
cans began serving as Christian missionaries to
Europe because of Europe’s declining participa-
tion in Christian worship. Worldwide, young
people especially are reacting to globalization
by returning to the traditional religions of their
respective cultures (A). Liberation Theology has
gained popularity in both Latin America and
Africa (B), while Pentecostalism is increasingly
practiced in Latin America (C).
- C During the Great Depression, Latin Ameri-
can governments became more involved in
national economies through the creation of new
social programs (D). Overproduction of U.S.
and Western European farm crops resulted in
lower prices on Latin American plantation-
grown crops (A). Diminished global trade (B)
created massive unemployment.
- C In spite of international conferences on
women’s issues and other efforts to produce
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