Historical Geology Understanding Our Planet\'s Past

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Knoll,Andrew H.“End of the Proterozoic Eon.”Scientific American265 (Octo- ber 1991):64–73. Kunzig, Robert. “Birth of a Nation.”D ...

Forey, Peter, and Philippe Janvier. “Agnathans and the Origin of Jawed Verte- brates.”Nature361 ( January 14, 1993): 129–133. Ir ...

Historical Geology DEVONIAN FISH Barnes-Svarney, Patricia. “In Search of Ancient Shores.”Earth Science 40 (Spring 1987): 22. Dal ...

Weisburd, Stefi. “Forests Made the World Frigid?”Science News131 ( January 3,1987): 9. Westenberg, Kerri. “From Fins to Feet.”Na ...

Historical Geology Monastersky, Richard. “Eruptions Cleared Path for Dinosaurs.”Science News 146 ( July 16, 1994): 38. Morell,Vi ...

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Simpson, Sarah, “Wrong Place, Wrong Time, Right Mammal.”Earth7 (Apr il 1998): 22. Stokstad, Erik. “Exquisite Chinese Fossils Add ...

A Acadian Mountains 137, 138m Acadian orogeny 137 Acanthostega 144, 277g Acasta gneiss,Canada 41 acoels 51 acritarchs 59, 71 Ade ...

ammonites 130, 131, 163, 216–220, 218 , 219, 277g extinction of 219 shells of 218 ammonoids 131 , 132 , 191, 219 amniotes 162 am ...

bipedalism 161, 184 birds 181,197–200 brooding behavior 198 evolution of 197 flightless species 200 reproduction 199 Black Sea 2 ...

coal 108, 140, 148, 153 , 227, 279g mining of 150 Coast Ranges, California 247 coelacanth 126 , 279g coelenterate 52,72, 279g co ...

oldest rocks 9 origin of 1–22 primordial atmosphere 13 rotational axis 10 spin rate 8, 11 structure of 7 earthquake 281g East Af ...

Greenland (continued) rift from Europe 237 separation of 243, 252 greenstone belts 38 ,36–41, 61,283g Grenville orogeny 64, 118m ...

Laurentia 79, 95, 96, 102, 116, 283g Laurentide ice sheet 261 Lawson Limestone, Florida 114 lichens 93, 107 life evolution 37t o ...

Mount Toba Volcano, Indonesia 261 multituberculates 180 Murchison meteorite 18 N nautiloids 130, 218, 219, 284g nautilus 131, 22 ...

petroleum 149 phosphate 193 photosynthesis 34–36, 285g phyla 60, 285g phytosaurs 162, 181 picoplankton 21 Pierce Canyon redbeds, ...

Shark’s Tooth Hill, California 128 shields 36, 37m, 286g siderophiles 6 Sierra Diablo Escarpment, Texas 139 Sierra Madre 244 Sie ...

trilobites 70 ,69–71, 76, 81, 96,97, 102, 112, 205, 220, 126, 231 , 134, 287g extinction of 91,172, 173 Ibex fauna 91 Whiterock ...