Historical Geology Understanding Our Planet\'s Past

coal 108, 140, 148, 153 , 227,
279g
mining of 150
Coast Ranges, California 247
coelacanth 126 , 279g
coelenterate 52,72, 279g
coelomic worms 50
col 270
Colorado
Bear Creek Canyon 39
Jasper Cuts 9
Mesa Verde 229
Mount Powell 271
Priest Canyon 31
Raton Formation 222
Rocky Mountains 223
Saw atch sandstone 62
Spanish Peak 246
Ute Pass 62
Colorado Plateau 244, 246
Columbia River basalt,
Washington 244, 245
columnals 113
conglomerates 61,279g
conifers 108
conodonts 77, 129, 130 , 280g
extinction of 189
continental drift 182, 183t,
211t, 211m, 225, 280g
continental glacier 280g
continental shelf 280g
continental slope 280g
continental platforms 36
continents
growth of 44
coprolites 207
coral reefs 89, 93, 104, 110,
109–113, 138, 216
corals 73, 74 , 88, 89 , 93, 170,
191, 216, 280g
extinction of 172, 174
polyps 73, 111

Cordilleran belt 79, 193, 214,

280g

Cordilleran ice sheet 261

core 6

crabs 78

Crag Lake graben, Idaho

120

cratons 41–44, 43m, 63,

280g

Cretaceous period 215–233

inland sea 229m

crinoids 75 , 113, 130, 217 ,

280g

calyx 113

Cro-Magnon 259

crocodiles 163, 164 , 227

crocodilians 163, 181

crossopterygians 127 , 135,

280g

crust 8, 9,61–65, 280g

formation of 36

crustaceans 77, 87, 115, 280g

cyanobacteria 34, 35, 71, 91,

106

cycads 220

cyclostomes 216

D

Daniell Peninsula, Antarctica

152

Death V alley, California 224

Deccan Traps,India 242,

244m

deserts 263, 264t

deuterostomes 51, 55

Devonian period 123–141

equator during 141m

marine fauna of 124

diapsids 161, 165, 184, 200

diatomaceous earth 27

diatoms 27, 28 , 42, 129, 261,

262 , 280g

dicynodonts 157, 165

dikes 246

dimetrodons 161, 165 , 188

Dinosaur National

Monument, Utah 203

dinosaurs 177–190, 179 , 182 ,

203 ,202–209, 214

brain size 186

carnosaurs 183

extinction of 209, 231

footprints 184

growth of 206

mating 188

parental care 188

reproduction 187

respiration 186

sauropods 183

social behavior 185

trackways 187

vocalization 188

warm-bloodedness 185

diphyletic evolution 241

diprotodon 239, 240

discontinuity 68

DNA 19, 30

dolomite 63, 280g

dolphins 241

Dome Glacier, Canada 270

dropstones 230

Drowning Creek Formation,

Kentucky 217

drumlins 272 , 280g

Dryopithecus 241

E

Earth

early volcanism 7, 15

early conditions on 18

meteorite impacts 7

Historical Geology