Visualizing Environmental Science

Index 481

Carbon cycle, 106–107, 107f, 122

Carbon dioxide, 197

in the atmosphere, 223t

country emission estimates, 238, 238t

effects of increase in, 42, 42f

Carbon management, 229

Carbon monoxide, 197

Carbon oxides, 197

Carcinogen, 86

Carnivores, 102, 102f

Carrying capacity, 39, 163

and population growth, 162–164, 163f,

163t, 167

of rangeland, 333, 334

Carson, Rachel, 26, 54–55, 55f

Cascade Range, Washington State, 340f

Catskill Mountains, New York, 260f

Cellular respiration, 101

Certified organic, 368

Chad, 251

Chandi Chowk bazaar (Delhi, India), 420f

Chaparral, 137, 137f, 137t, 138

Chattanooga, Tennessee, 212, 212f

Chemical accidents, 412

Chernobyl, Ukraine, 434, 435f

Chiapas, Mexico, 234f

Chicago, Illinois, 8, 8f

Children

child labor, 38f, 176f

pollution sensitivity of, 89

value on gender of, 176, 177

China

acid deposition in, 234

air pollution in, 208–209, 208f

aquaculture in, 41

biogas digesters in, 450

endangered species in, 3t

environmental education in, 58f

high-sulfur coal in, 234f

hydropower in, 454

Jiangxi, 81f

Lianoning Province, 208f

Lingwu, 257f

Liuzhou, Guangxi, 268f

Loess Plateau, 44, 44f

Manchuria, 190

Mount Hua, 203, 203f

population and population density of,

170t

rare earth metals in, 304

renewable energy in, 48t

sandstorm in, 194f

scrap imports by, 404

Shanxi Province, 421f

Sichuan Province landslide, 300

Three Gorges Dam, 269, 269f, 454f, 455

water pollution in, 268, 268f

Wolong Nature Reserve, 343f

Yellow River, 251

Yongchuan, Chongqing, 118f

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), 231, 233

Chronic bronchitis, 201

Brandt, Willy, 38

Brazil

Amazonas State, 167f

Amazon Basin, 342f

Ariquemes, 227f

Atlantic forest, 32f

Curitiba, 186f

deforestation, 331f

deforestation in, 330

ethanol consumption, 451

population and population density of,

170t

poverty in, 5f

Roraima State, 40f

Bridalveil Fall, Yosemite National Park,

323f

British Columbia, Canada, 13f

Broad-spectrum pesticides, 364–365

Brown, Lester R., 36

Brownfields, 182, 182f, 183f

Built-up areas, 131f

Burma (Myanmar), 392f

Bush, George W., 292

Bycatch, 286

C

Cabeza Prieta Wilderness, Arizona, 339f

Cabin Creek, West Virginia, 422f

Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains

National Park, Tennessee, 337f

Cahn, Robert, 34

California

Bayview Hunters Point, San Francisco,

35

chaparral, 137f

Culver City, 137t

goats and wildfire prevention, 138

Hetch Hetchy Valley, Yosemite

National Park, 53f

Joshua Tree National Park, 60f

Kern County, 428

Los Angeles, 204, 204f

Sierra Nevada Mountains, 372,

372f–373f

solar thermal electric generation, 448f

Yosemite National Park, 323f

Cambodia, 38f

Cameroon, 37f

Canada

boreal forest, 329, 329f

British Columbia, 13f

Fort Smith, 133t

Ontario, 68f, 77, 247t

Saskatchewan, 133f

Yukon, 190

Cancer, 76

lung, 76, 76f, 88f, 210

malignant melanoma, 233

Cancer-causing substances, 86–87

Cap and trade, 67, 68

Captive breeding, 389f

Biodiversity. See Biological diversity
Biodiversity hotspots, 380, 381f
Biofuels, 357
Biogas, 450
Biogas digesters, 450, 451f
Biogeochemical cycles, 106
carbon cycle, 106–107, 107f
forests’ role in, 325
hydrologic cycle, 107–109, 108f
nitrogen cycle, 109–110, 109f
phosphorus cycle, 111–113, 112f
sulfur cycle, 110–111, 111f
Biological controls, 366
Biological diversity (biodiversity), 39, 375,
375f–376f. See also Species
declining, 379–381, 381f
hotspots, 380
in land cover, 131f
levels of, 375f
loss of, 39–40
need for, 375–376
threats to, 383f
Biological magnification, 82t, 83, 365,
366f
Biological nitrogen fixation, 361
Biological oxygen demand, 258
Biomagnification, 82f
Biomass energy, 450–451, 450f, 451f
Biomes, 128–142, 128f, 129f
boreal forest, 133, 133f, 133t
chaparral, 137, 137f, 137t, 138
climate factors shaping, 129f
desert, 138–139, 139f, 139t
savanna, 140, 140f, 140t
temperate deciduous forest, 135, 135f,
135t
temperate grassland, 136, 136f, 136t
temperate rain forest, 134, 134f, 134t
terrestrial, 128f
tropical rain forest, 140–142, 141f, 141t
tundra, 132, 132f, 132t
vegetation types, 130f–131f
Biosphere, 99
Biotic environment, 98
Biotic potentials, 161
Birmensdorf, Switzerland, 198f
Birth rates, 165, 170, 171f, 172
Black Forest, Germany, 235, 236f
Blast furnaces, 305f
Bleaching, 42f, 289, 289f
Bluefin tuna, 272–273, 273t
Bolivia
Eduardo Avaroa Andean Fauna
National Reserve, 50f
Madidi National Park, 342f
Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, 255f
Boreal forests, 133, 133f, 133t, 329, 329f
Borneo, Malaysia, 331f
Boston, Massachusetts, 450
Botswana, 119f
Bottom ash, 402
Brackish ecosystems, 146–147, 146f