MCAT Organic Chemistry Review 2018-2019

Figure 7.3. Michael Addition (a) The base deprotonates the α-carbon, making it a good nucleophile; (b) The car ...

Figure 7.4. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Enolates The kinetic enolate forms more quickly, but is less stable than ...

What are tautomers? Which tautomer of aldehydes and ketones is thermodynamically favored: keto or enol? Whi ...

7.3 Aldol Condensation LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 7.3, you will be able to: Identify the species that ac ...

Figure 7.6. Aldol Condensation, Step 1: Forming the Aldol An enolate ion is formed, which then attacks the carbon ...

Figure 7.7. Aldol Condensation, Step 2: Dehydration of the Aldol The –OH is removed as water (dehydration), formin ...

MCAT Concept Check 7.3: Before you move on, assess your understanding of the material with these questio ...

Conclusion In this second chapter on aldehydes and ketones, we’ve taken a look at the important resonance ...

Concept Summary General Principles Enolate Chemistry The carbon adjacent to the carbonyl carbon is termed an α-c ...

Aldol Condensation In the aldol condensation, the aldehyde or ketone acts as both nucleophile and electrophi ...

Answers to Concept Checks 7.1 The α-hydrogens of aldehydes and ketones are acidic, or deprotonate easily, due to both in ...

single molecule with the loss of a small molecule; a dehydration reaction, in which a molecule of w ...

Shared Concepts General Chemistry Chapter 5 Chemical Kinetics Organic Chemistry Chapter 4 Analyzing Organic Reaction ...

Discrete Practice Questions Consult your online resources for Full-Length Exams and Passage-Based Questions (for ...

2 . The reaction below is an example of: (A) esterification. (B) tautomerization. (C) elimination. (D) dehydration. 3 ...

5 . The aldol condensation is an example of which reaction type(s)? I. Dehydration II. Cleavage III. Nucleop ...

8 . Which of the following compounds would be most reactive toward a nucleophile? (A) Pentanal (B) 3-pentan ...

(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and III only (D) II and III only 12 . Which of the following best describes the ...

(A) Aldol condensation (B) Retro-aldol reaction (C) Dehydration (D) Nucleophilic attack ...

Answers and Explanations DISCRETE PRACTICE QUESTIONS 1 . D One mole of aldehyde reacts with one mole of alco ...