MCAT Organic Chemistry Review 2018-2019

6.1 Description and Properties LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 6.1, you will be able to: Recall the suffixes used ...

propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde, and valeraldehyde. When aldehydes are named as substituents, use the prefix oxo–. ...

ketones are named as substituents, use either the prefix oxo– or keto–. Figure 6.3 shows some examples of ket ...

KEY CONCEPT While the dipole moment in the carbonyl group increases the intermolecular forces (and therefore boi ...

Ketone: Given an alkane, an aldehyde, and an alcohol with equal-length carbon chains, which will have the hi ...

6.2 Nucleophilic Addition Reactions LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 6.2, you will be able to: Predict the produ ...

As we have seen, the C=O bond is polarized, with a partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon and a ...

Figure 6.6. Hydration Reaction The carbonyl is hydrated by water, then protonated, resulting in a geminal dio ...

Figure 6.8. Acetal and Ketal Formation Once a hemiacetal or hemiketal is formed, the hydroxyl group is proton ...

Figure 6.9. Imine Formation Ammonia is added to the carbonyl, resulting in the elimination of water, and generating ...

KEY CONCEPT In a reaction with HCN, −:CN: is the nucleophile; the carbonyl carbon is the electrophile. MC ...

6.3 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions LEARNING GOALS After Chapter 6.3, you will be able to: Recall the oxidizing a ...

REDUCTION BY HYDRIDE REAGENTS Aldehydes and ketones can also undergo reduction to form alcohols. This is of ...

Reducing agents: ...

Conclusion In this chapter, we have examined the properties of aldehydes and ketones. Specifically, we h ...

Concept Summary Description and Properties Nucleophilic Addition Reactions Aldehydes are terminal functional groups ...

Oxidation–Reduction Reactions In hydration reactions, water adds to a carbonyl, forming a geminal diol. When ...

Answers to Concept Checks 6.1 The suffix for an aldehyde is –al. The suffix for a ketone is –one. The alkane w ...

Shared Concepts Biochemistry Chapter 4 Carbohydrate Structure and Function General Chemistry Chapter 11 Oxidation–R ...

Discrete Practice Questions Consult your online resources for Full-Length Exams and Passage-Based Questions (for ...