USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

Figure I-13-5. Footling Breech ...

POSITION Relationship of a definite presenting fetal part to the maternal bony pelvis. It is expressed ...

ATTITUDE Degree of extension-flexion of the fetal head with cephalic presentation. The most common attitud ...

STATION Degree of descent of the presenting part through the birth canal; expressed in centimeters above or below ...

14 ...

NORMAL AND ABNORMAL LABOR ...

LEARNING OBJECTIVES List the normal stages of labor and abnormalities that can occur in the process Describe ...

OVERVIEW OF LABOR Labor is a process whereby over time regular uterine contractions bring about progressive ef ...

rate of dilation is slow, but at 6 cm of dilation, the rate accelerates to a maximum rate in the acti ...

STAGES OF LABOR Labor refers to the complex process through which uterine contractions bring about progressive di ...

Table 14-1. Stages of Labor phase Dilation 10 cm (complete) cervical dilation cm/hours primipara ≥1.0 cm/hours multipara St ...

Stage 2 begins with complete cervical dilation and ends with delivery of the fetus. Its purpose is ...

Stage 4 is not an official stage of labor but rather a critical 2 h period of close observation of th ...

CONDUCT OF NORMAL SPONTANEOUS LABOR A 20-year-old primigravida comes to the maternity unit at 39 weeks’ gest ...

PREADMISSION The parturient is not admitted to the maternity unit until cervical dilation is at least 4–5 ...

ADMISSION On admission intravenous access is established, and oral clear liquid may be ingested. The patient is ...

FIRST STAGE The fetal heart rate is assessed, usually with continuous electronic monitoring. Cervical dilati ...

SECOND AND THIRD STAGES Maternal pushing efforts augment uterine contractions in the second stage of labor. An ep ...

RECOVERY PERIOD For the first 2 hours postpartum, the parturient is observed closely for excessive bleeding and ...

ABNORMAL LABOR PROLONGED LATENT PHASE A 29-year-old multigravida at 40 weeks’ gestation is being observed i ...