USMLE Step 2 CK Lecture Notes 2019: Obstetrics/Gynecology (Kaplan Test Prep)

GYN TRIAD Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia 21-OH Deficiency Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency): typ ...

Figure II-12-6. Normal Adrenal Function ...

Figure II-12-7. Adrenal Hyperplasia Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): typically the onset has been gradual, frequen ...

and by increasing SHBG (thus decreasing free testosterone). Metformin can decrease insulin resistance and lowe ...

GYN TRIAD Idiopathic (Hair Follicle) ↑ 5-α Reductase Activity Idiopathic: typically the onset has been gradual, ...

POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME A 32-year-old woman visits the gynecologist’s office complaining of vaginal bleeding, fa ...

Table II-12-3. “HA-IR-AN” Syndrome (Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome) HA HyperAndrogenism IR Insulin Resistance AN Acanthosis ...

Management. Directed toward the primary problem and the patient’s desires. Oligomenorrhea or menstrual dysfunction Hyp ...

INFERTILITY A 30-year-old woman comes to the gynecologist’s office complaining of infertility for one year. She and h ...

INITIAL NONINVASIVE TESTS Semen analysis Normal values. Expected findings are volume >2 ml; pH 7.2–7.8; sperm ...

ANOVULATION Of all causes of infertility, treatment of anovulation results in the greatest success. History. Typica ...

FOLLOW-UP INVASIVE TESTS Hysterosalpingogram and Laparoscopy Tubal disease. Assessment of fallopian tube abnorm ...

UNEXPLAINED INFERTILITY A diagnosis of unexplained fertility is reserved for couples in which the semen analysis ...

OVARIAN RESERVE TESTING Ovarian reserve testing (ORT) (mostly reserved for infertile women age ≥35) refers to assessm ...

MENOPAUSE A 53-year-old woman visits the gynecologist’s office complaining of hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and ir ...

GYN TRIAD Premature Ovarian Failure r/o Y Chromosome Mosaic The etiology of menopausal symptoms is lack of est ...

Reproductive tract. Low estrogen leads to decreased vaginal lubrication, increased vaginal pH, and increased vag ...

OSTEOPOROSIS The most common bone type of osteoporosis is trabecular bone. The most common anatomic site is ...

Table II-12-4. Osteoporosis Lifestyle. Calcium and vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercise, and elimination of cigarett ...

HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY There are both benefits and risks associated with hormone replacement therapy. ...