JR-Publications-Sudan-Handbook-1

60 the sudan handbook ethnographer, and this imbalance in the available data persists to this day, partly as the result of the l ...

eaRly states on the nile 61 human occupation of this region of the Nile Valley. Red and yellow iron oxide was collected here, ap ...

62 the sudan handbook complex defences. Within the timber and earthwork ramparts are many circular timber huts, rectilinear stru ...

eaRly states on the nile 63 may have been members of the king’s family, retainers and prisoners of war. The respect shown for th ...

maP 3.1 Ancient Nubia The Sudan Handbook, edited by John Ryle, Justin Willis, Suliman Baldo and Jok Madut Jok. © 2011 Rift Valle ...

eaRly states on the nile 65 The Rise and Fall of Kush The situation in Nubia in the few centuries after the Egyptian withdrawal ...

66 the sudan handbook control over a vast tract of the Nile Valley well upstream of modern-day Khartoum. How far their writ exte ...

eaRly states on the nile 67 Axum on the Ethiopian plateau. Although Kushite culture survived to an extent, the territorial integ ...

68 the sudan handbook The Coming of Islam Although Christianity remained the dominant religion on the Middle Nile until the thir ...

eaRly states on the nile 69 their leaders Abdallah Gamaa and Omarah Dongus. The Funj state occupied the Gezira between the Blue ...

70 4. Peoples & Cultures of Two Sudans John Ryle Whether Sudan is considered as one country or two, cultural diversity and ...

maP 4.1 Principal ethnic and ethnolinguistic groups in Sudan and approximate home territories The Sudan Handbook, edited by John ...

72 the sudan handbook other. Their labour – and their ancestors’ labour – has been exploited, often by force, and their liveliho ...

PeoPles & cultuRes of tWo sudans 73 across geographical zones, and corresponding changes in their modes of production, a pro ...

74 the sudan handbook assimilation between these migrants and indigenous African popula- tions, and the establishment of trade n ...

PeoPles & cultuRes of tWo sudans 75 way that some of the Funj peoples and others closer to the Nile came to do. Nor did they ...

76 the sudan handbook of an older generation. And traces of pre-Islamic Nubian culture can be discerned upstream from Dongola, a ...

PeoPles & cultuRes of tWo sudans 77 the original Dongolawi communities maintain a traditional rural life as date-farmers, cu ...

78 the sudan handbook Skin-colour, it may be noted, though it is not a matter of indifference to Sudanese, does not map onto eth ...

PeoPles & cultuRes of tWo sudans 79 ethnically heterogenous population that included both nomadic Arab groups and non-Arab f ...