Science - USA (2021-07-09)

annualh^2 estimates ranged from 0.06 (in 2002) to 0.18 (in 2007). Within years, we also observed systematic effects of wet/dry s ...

sampling is required to accurately charac- terize microbiome heritability and account for potentially extensive temporal variati ...

ICE PHYSICS Elastic ice microfibers Peizhen Xu^1 †, Bowen Cui^1 †, Yeqiang Bu^2 , Hongtao Wang^2 , Xin Guo^1 , Pan Wang^1 , Y. R ...

from the tip of a tungsten needle. We modified the method developed earlier by choosing a much lower temperature for growth [−50 ...

in Fig. 3C. These values are much higher than those reported in other forms of ice (e.g., <0.3%) ( 12 , 22 , 23 ), and the st ...

Ih-to-II transition of micrometer-size ice occurs rapidly, as suggested by Schulson and Fortt ( 33 ). Optical characterization o ...

exceeded 3%, suggesting a simple means to study phase transitions of ice using the bend- ing of IMFs. Higher strains are achieva ...

and surface deformation of ice [e.g., surface premelting ( 42 )]. In short, the elastic IMFs demonstrated here may offer an alte ...

To address this question, we first built a net- work of the main regulators involved in both flower and curd development. Then, ...

inducesAP1/CAL. AP1 positively feeds back onLFYand repressesSAX(Fig. 3D).TFL1ex- pression, which could be induced by SAX and LFY ...

calmutant growing without bract or cauline leaves and displaying high-order meristems (fig. S3, A and B), suggesting that the ca ...

Growth dynamics define cauliflower and Romanesco curd structures Our work inArabidopsisoffers a conceptual framework to explain ...

data ofBobcurds. We confirmed the previously identified mutation in theBobCALgene (fig. S4A) ( 4 , 5 , 7 ) and observed that the ...

MARTIAN GEOLOGY Brine-driven destruction of clay minerals in Gale crater, Mars T. F. Bristow^1 *, J. P. Grotzinger^2 , E. B. Ram ...

The flat-lying bedding of the rocks, and the geomorphology of the GT topographic trough, mean that strata exposed in GT are late ...

magnesium-rich, silica-poor mafic and ultramafic volcanic rocks, as well as magnesium-rich sedi- mentary precursors (typically c ...

lithologies in Gale’s catchment transported to the crater floor by rivers. Talc- and serpentine-bearing ultramafic rocks are pro ...

Hypothesized fluid sources include (i) heated water migrating from the deeper parts of the crater or (ii) gravity-driven regiona ...

Orbital sulfate detections could also originate from sulfate-cemented clastic sedimentary rocks deposited in aqueous or eolian s ...

the period in which Mars had surface liquid water. REFERENCES AND NOTES C. E. Weaver,Clays, Muds, and Shales(Elsevier, 1989), p ...