Encyclopedia of Environmental Science and Engineering, Volume I and II

16 AEROSOLS When particles, at total number concentration N, are measured based on a certain characteristic diameter as shown in ...

where D  p and^ s^ are, respectively, the mean and standard devi- ation of the distribution. The mean diameter D  p^ is define ...

The log-normal distribution is particularly useful for rep- resenting aerosols because it does not allow negative particle sizes ...

0.001 10 –8 10 –7 10 –6 10 –5 10 –4 10 –3 10 –2 10 –1 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 Dp (mm) Kelvin effect, (water droplet) Relaxation time C ...

TABLE 3 Motion of a single spherical particle Rep  1 (Stokes) 1  Rep  104 104  Rep (Newton) drag coefficient, CD 24/Rep 055 ...

AEROSOLS 21 from t  1s in Eq. (3.4). The intersection of the curves  x and v t lies at around 0.5 m m at atmospheric pressur ...

22 AEROSOLS Brownian Coagulation Coagulation of aerosols causes a continuous change in number concentration and size distributio ...

AEROSOLS 23 air at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. There exist distinct maxima in the coagulation coefficient in the ...

24 AEROSOLS beam of intensity I 0 is applied to the suspension, the intensity I at a distance l into the medium is given by, I  ...

AEROSOLS 25 r p is the particle density, m the viscosity and l is the mean free path of the gas. The remaining quantities are de ...

26 AEROSOLS a particle and air at the outlet of a converging nozzle is detected (Wilson and Liu, 1980). Sedimentation Method By ...

AEROSOLS 27 SCREEN UNIPOLAR IONS DC H.V. AEROSOL AEROSOL RADIOACTIVE SOURCE BIPOLAR IONS DC H.V. Q c Q a AEROSOLCLEAN AIR DC H.V ...

28 AEROSOLS Two different types of electrical mobility analyzers shown in Figure 11 have been widely used (Whitby, 1976). On the ...

29 AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS AIR POLLUTANTS Air pollutants fall into two main categories: (1) those that are pervasive throughout ar ...

30 AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS Pollutant Primary Stds. Averaging Times Secondary Stds. Carbon monoxide 9 ppm (10 mg/m^3 ) 35 ppm (40 m ...

AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS 31 The true dose is not always the simple product of the measured concentration and the duration of expos ...

32 AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS Tracheobronchial—bronchi down to terminal bronchiole Pulmonary—respiratory bronchiole, alveoli ducts, ...

AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS 33 reacting with the nitric oxide, the ozone is removed by the rapid reaction NO  O 3  NO 2  O 2 Theref ...

34 AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS the occurrence of lasting atmospheric inversions resulted in thousands of excess deaths. CARBON MONOXID ...

AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS 35 fetus. The effects of combining exposure to carbon monox- ide with sudden significant changes in altitu ...