Biology Questions and Answers
- What is diabetes mellitus?
Diabetes mellitus is the disease caused
by deficient production oinsulin and the consequent low r action oglucosef (^)
uptake by the cells and high blood
glucose level.
- What are the three main
signs of diabetes?
The three main mellitus are known as thsigns of diabetese diabetic triad: (^)
polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia.
Polyuria is the excessive elimination of
urine; in diabetes it is caused reduced water resorption in the renalby (^)
tubules due to increased osmolarity of
the glomerular filtrate (causeexcessive glucose). Polydipsia is thd by (^) e
exaggerated ingestion of water; the
thirst isin the urine. Polyp due to the excessive water hagia is the loss
exaggerated ingestion of food caused by
deficiency in energy generation byglucose-lacking cells.
- Why do diabetic patients
often undergo dietary sugar
restriction? What are the main
complications of diabetes
mellitus?
Diabetic patients are often advised to
ingest less carbsubstances are degraded into glucoseohydrates since these (^)
and this mintestines. The dietary suolecule is absorbed in thegar restriction (^)
goal is to control glycemia to maintain it
at normal levels.
The main complications of diabetes are
tissue iorgans causnjuries that occur in ed by the chronic increasevaious (^) d
blood osmolarity: in the peripheral
nerves (diabetic neuropathy), resin sensitivity loss, increased woundsulting
(the person does not feel that the tissue
is being wounded and the woundexpands) and muscle fatigue; in the (^)
kidneys (diabetic nephropathy), causing
glomerular lesions trenal failure; in the retina (diahat may lead tobetic
retinopathy), leading to vision
impairment aas a consequence of the neuropathy.nd blindness; in the skin,
Diabetes mmajor risk factorsellitus also is o for cardiovascularne of the (^)
diseases like embolism, myocardial
infarction and stroke.
- What is the difference
between type I diabetes
mellitus and type II diabetes
mellitus?
Type I diabetes, also known as juvenile
diabetes, or insulin-de(this name is not adequate as typpendent diabetese II
diabetes may become insulin-
dependent), is thof insulin by the pancreas believed to bee impaired production (^)
caused by destruction of cells of the
islets of Langerhans by autoantibo(autoimmunity). dies
Type II diabetes occurs in tindividual and it is often diagnosed inhe adult (^)
people of more advanced age. In type II
diabetes there is nosecretion of insulin by the pancreas butrmal or low (^)
the main cause of the high glycemia is
the peripheral resistance of the action of the hormone. the cells to
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