Physical Chemistry Third Edition

262 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions Solution a( 2 I) 48 .31 torr 59 .03 torr  0. 8184 γ( 2 I) 0. 8184 0. 2748  2. 978 Exer ...

6.3 Activity and Activity Coefficients 263 This equation is the same as Henry’s law except for the occurrence of the activity in ...

264 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions By convention II: a( 2 II) P 2 k 2  12 .45 torr 160 torr  0. 0778 γ 2 (II) a 2 x 2  0 ...

6.3 Activity and Activity Coefficients 265 so that Eq. (6.3-36) can be written μiμ◦i(m)+RTln ( γi(m)mi m◦ ) (6.3-40) Sincex 1 ≈ ...

266 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions Since the activities and activity coefficients of a solute in two different descriptions a ...

6.4 The Activities of Nonvolatile Solutes 267 6.4 The Activities of Nonvolatile Solutes For a nonvolatile substance we must find ...

268 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions Sincex 1 +x 2 1,dx 1 +dx 2 0, and two terms cancel. We divide byx 2 RT and obtain the eq ...

6.4 The Activities of Nonvolatile Solutes 269 and themean ionic molality m± ( mν++mν−− ) 1 /ν (6.4-7) These are examples ofgeom ...

270 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions which is the same as dln(γ 2 )dφ+ φ− 1 m 2 dm 2 (6.4-16) If data for the osmotic coeffici ...

6.4 The Activities of Nonvolatile Solutes 271 Debye and Hückel devised a theory for the activity coefficients of ionic solutes. ...

272 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions Solution I 1 2 [ m ( Na+ ) (+ 1 )^2 +m(Ca^2 +)(+2)^2 +m(Cl−)(−1)^2 ]  1 2 ( 0 .100 mol k ...

6.4 The Activities of Nonvolatile Solutes 273 EXAMPLE6.14 Calculate the value ofγ±for a 0.0100 mol kg−^1 solution of NaCl in wat ...

274 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions the Debye–Hückel result appears as the leading term of a series containing powers and loga ...

6.5 Thermodynamic Functions of Nonideal Solutions 275 PROBLEMS Section 6.4: The Activities of Nonvolatile Solutes 6.35 a.Look up ...

276 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions Sm,∗i−Rln(xi)−Rln ( γi(I) ) −RT ⎛ ⎝ ∂ln ( γi(I) ) ∂T ⎞ ⎠ P,n S(ideal)i −Rln ( γ(iI) ) −R ...

6.5 Thermodynamic Functions of Nonideal Solutions 277 For convention I the standard states are the pure components, so that G(un ...

278 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions The expressions for∆Gmix,∆Smix, and∆Vmixcan be expressed in terms of the activity coeffici ...

6.5 Thermodynamic Functions of Nonideal Solutions 279 Thedifferential heat of solutionof component 2 is defined by ∆Hdiff,2 ( ∂ ...

280 6 The Thermodynamics of Solutions EXAMPLE6.17 The following are values for ethanol at 298.15 K: ∆fH◦/kJ mol−^1 ∆fG◦/kJ mol−^ ...

6.5 Thermodynamic Functions of Nonideal Solutions 281 temperature is equal to 252 torr. An aqueous solution of n-propanol with a ...