Physical Chemistry Third Edition

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7 Chemical Equilibrium PRINCIPAL FACTS AND IDEAS The principles of thermodynamics determine the state of chemical equilibrium f ...

304 7 Chemical Equilibrium 7.1 Gibbs Energy Changes and the Equilibrium Constant In a general chemistry course a quotient of con ...

7.1 Gibbs Energy Changes and the Equilibrium Constant 305 reactionξby nini(initial)+νiξ (definition ofξ) (7.1-4) Equation (7.1- ...

306 7 Chemical Equilibrium In Chapter 6 we expressed the chemical potential of a general substanceiin terms of its activityai: μ ...

7.1 Gibbs Energy Changes and the Equilibrium Constant 307 Values of standard-state Gibbs energy changes of formation for a numbe ...

308 7 Chemical Equilibrium c. T∆ ⎛ ⎝ − ( G◦m−Hm,298◦ ◦ ) T ⎞ ⎠(298.15 K)2(213.795JK−^1 mol−^1 ) − 2 ( 197 .653JK−^1 mol−^1 ) − ...

7.1 Gibbs Energy Changes and the Equilibrium Constant 309 Exercise 7.2 Carry out the steps to obtain Eqs. (7.1-16) and (7.1-17). ...

310 7 Chemical Equilibrium The standard-state Gibbs energy change∆G◦depends only on temperature since the standard-state chemica ...

7.2 Reactions Involving Gases and Pure Solids or Liquids 311 and Eq. (7.1-20) for the equilibrium constant is K ∏c i 1 ( Pi,eq ...

312 7 Chemical Equilibrium which is the same as 4. 054 α^2 + 0. 148 α− 0. 148  0 Use of the quadratic formula gives α − 0. 148 ...

7.2 Reactions Involving Gases and Pure Solids or Liquids 313 Kexp ⎡ ⎣− 130900 J mol − 1 ( 8 .3145 J K−^1 mol−^1 ) (298.15 K) ⎤ ...

314 7 Chemical Equilibrium PROBLEMS Section 7.2: Reactions Involving Gases and Pure Solids or Liquids 7.4Find the value of the e ...

7.3 Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions 315 7.16 a.Find∆G◦at 298.15 K for the gas-phase reaction 2SO 2 (g)+O 2 (g)
2SO 3 (g) b.Fin ...

316 7 Chemical Equilibrium The Gibbs energy change for a standard-state solution reaction can be calculated from tables of the s ...

7.3 Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions 317 and the reactant molecules are uncharged, we can often assume that activity coefficien ...

318 7 Chemical Equilibrium Reactions with Electrolyte Solutes Reactions involving electrolyte solutes present some new aspects. ...

7.3 Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions 319 ∆G◦∆fG◦(H 2 O)+(−1)∆fG◦(OH−)−∆fG◦(H+) (− 237 .141 kJ mol−^1 )+(−1)(− 157 .244 kJ mol ...

320 7 Chemical Equilibrium Since the solution is dilute we assume thatγ(H 2 O)x(H 2 O)≈1 and thatγ(NH 3 )≈1. We introduce the me ...

7.3 Chemical Equilibrium in Solutions 321 EXAMPLE7.10 Find∆G◦andKat 298.15 K for the ionization of water. Solution The Gibbs ene ...