INDEX
701Hypocretin, 237
Hypofunction, adrenocortical, 359–360
Hypogeusia, 226
Hypoglycemia, 326, 332–333
Hypoglycemia unawareness, 333
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, 282, 410
Hypokalemia, 319
Hypoketonemic hypoglycemia, 26
Hypokinetic, 252
Hypomenorrhea, 423
Hypoperfusion hypoxia, 621
Hypophysiotropic hormones, 280–282
Hypoproteinemia, 531
Hyporeflexia, 244
Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, 360
Hyposmia, 222, 282
Hypothalamic components, 420–421
Hypothalamic control, 280
Hypothalamic function, 275
Hypothalamohypophysial tract, 274
Hypothalamus, 273–277
afferent connections of, 273–274
autonomic function, 275–276
efferent connections of, 273–274
hypothalamic function, 275
pituitary gland, 274–275
thirst, 276
water intake, factors regulating, 277
Hypothermia, 286
Hypotonia, 244, 257
Hypotonic, 6, 163, 653
Hypoxia, 616–617, 621–622
acclimatization, 618–619
barometric pressure, 617–618
hypoxic hypoxia, 617–619
hypoxic symptoms, 618
oxygen treatment, 621–622
Hypoxic hypoxia, 617, 619–620
venous-to-arterial shunts, 620
ventilation perfusion imbalance, 620
Hysteresis loop, 599
I
IDDM.
See
Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Idiopathic epilepsies, 233
Idioventricular rhythm, 497
IDL.
See
Intermediate-density lipoproteins
IGD-II.
See
Insulin-like growth factor II
IJPs.
See
Inhibitor junction potentials
Image-forming mechanism, 186–189
accommodation, 188–189
common defects of image-forming
mechanism, 187–188
defects, 187–188
principles of optics, 186–187
pupillary reflexes, 189
Imidazoline, 139
Immune effector cells, 63–66
granulocytes, 64–65
lymphocytes, 65–66
macrophage colony-stimulating factors, 65
mast cells, 65
monocytes, 65
Immune system, genetic basis of diversity, 73–74
Immunity, 67–74
acquired immunity, 70
antigen presentation, 71–72
antigen recognition, 71
B cells, 72–73
complement system, 69
cytokines, 67–69
development of immune system, 70–71
genetic basis of diversity in immune system,
73–74
immunoglobulins, 73
innate immunity, 69–70
memory B cells, 71
overview, 67
T cell receptors, 72
T cells, 71
Immunoglobulins, 72–73
Immunohistochemistry, 129
Immunosympathectomy, 90
Implantation, 424
Implicit memory, 290
Importins, 40
Inactivated state, 85
Inactive capillaries, 549
Incomplete heart block, 497
Incomplete tetanus, 101
Increased automaticity, 498
Increasing osmolality, 654
Incus, 203
Indicator dilution method, 513
Indirect calorimetry, 461
Indirect inhibition, 121
Infection, 63–78
Inferior colliculi, 211
Inferior olive, 161
Inferior peduncle, 254
Inflammation, 63—78, 90
local injury, 75–76
systemic response to injury, 76
wound healing, 75–77
Inflammatory pain, 168
Inflammatory response, 64
Infranodal block, 497
Inhibin, 404, 409
Inhibin B, 392
Inhibitor junction potentials, 125
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential, 120
Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials, 117–120
Inhibitory systems, organization of, 122–123
Initial heat, 104
Initial segment, 80, 121
Innate immunity, 65, 67, 69–70
Inner ear, 205
Inner hair cells, 206
Innervation of blood vessels, 556
Innervation of renal vessels, 643
Inositol trisphosphate, 54–56
Inositol trisphosphate receptor, 110
Inotropic action, 514
Inotropic effect, 556
Insensible water loss, 284
Inside-out patch, 45
In situ hybridization histochemistry, 129
Inspiration, 591–593
Inspiratory muscles, 594
Inspiratory reserve volume, 593
Instantaneous, 495
Insufficiency, 513
Insulin, 315, 371
effects of, 318–320
structure, 316–317
Insulin deficiency, 321–325
acidosis, 324
changes in protein metabolism, 323
cholesterol metabolism, 324
coma, 324
effects of hyperglycemia, 323
effects of intracellular glucose deficiency, 323
fat metabolism in diabetes, 323–324
glucose tolerance, 321–323Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, 334
Insulin excess, 325–326
compensatory mechanisms, 325–326
Insulin-glucagon molar ratios, 330
Insulin-like growth factor I, 91, 382
Insulin-like growth factor II, 382
Insulin preparations, 319
Insulin secretion, 326–327
cyclic AMP, 327
effect of automatic nerves, 327–328
effects of plasma glucose level, 326–327
fat derivatives, 327
intestinal hormones, 328
long-term changes in B cell responses, 328
protein, 327
Insulin sensitivity, 389
Insulinoma, 332
Integral proteins, 32
Integration, 247
Integrins, 38
Intensity, 152, 195
Intention tremor, 257–258
Intercalated cells, 641
Intercalated disks, 106
Intercellular communication, 50–58
calcium-binding proteins, 52–53
chemical messengers, 50–51
cyclic AMP, 56
diacylglycerol, 54–56
G protein-coupled receptors, 54
G proteins, 53–54
growth factors, 57–58
guanylyl cyclase, 57
inositol trisphosphate, 54–56
intracellular Cs
2+
as second messenger, 52
mechanisms of diversity of Ca
2+
actions, 53
production of cAMP by adenylyl cyclase,
56–57
receptors for chemical messengers, 50
second messengers, 54–56
stimulation of transcription, 51–52
Intercellular connections, 38–39
Intercortical transfer of memory, 292
Intercourse, changes during, 414
Interleukins, 67
Intermediate-density lipoproteins, 27
Intermediate filaments, 35–36
Intermittent claudication, 170
Internal hydrocephalus, 571
Internal respiration, 587
Internal urethral sphincter, 661
Internalization, 50
Internodal atrial pathways, 489
Interpositus nucleus, 254
Interstitial cells of Cajal, 470
Interstitial cells of Leydig, 402
Interstitial fluid, 2
equilibration with, 548
volume, 550–552
Intestinal fluid, 440–442
Intestinal gas, 473
Intestinal hormones, 328
Intracellular Ca
2+
as second messenger, 52
Intracellular fluid, 2
Intracellular glucose deficiency, 323
effects of, 323
Intracranial pressure, 575
Intrafusal fibers, 158
Intralaminar nuclei, 229
Intramembranous bone formation, 371
Intraneuronal transport, 277–278
Intrauterine devices, 422