0071643192.pdf

TOXICOLOGY ■ AMS and coma ■ Seizures with lipophilic agents (eg, propranolol) ■ Hypoglycemia (potentially, in children) ■ Hyperk ...

TOXICOLOGY SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Varying degrees of hypotension, bradycardia ■ Patient may present in cardiogenic shock. ■ Respiratory ...

TOXICOLOGY Toxicity may be either acute or chronic: ■ Acute toxicity ■ Results from an acute ingestion (eg, children or suicidal ...

TOXICOLOGY Complications of chronic use include angioedema, nonproductive cough, renal insufficiency (with renal artery stenosis ...

TOXICOLOGY DIFFERENTIAL β-Blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin DIAGNOSIS ■ Usually obvious from patient’s history ■ Shoul ...

TOXICOLOGY A 72-year-old male presents to the ED via EMS for weakness and altered mental status. He has a history of dementia an ...

TOXICOLOGY ■ Long-acting synthetic analog of somatostatin, which inhibits the release of insulin from the pancreas ■ Decreases d ...

TOXICOLOGY DRUGS OF ABUSE Cocaine Natural alkaloid derived from the coca shrub; occasionally still used medici- nally as an este ...

TOXICOLOGY TREATMENT ■ Supportive care ■ Passive and active cooling measures, as needed ■ Intravenous hydration ■ Muscle paralys ...

TOXICOLOGY COMPLICATIONS ■ Similar to cocaine ■ Hyponatremia may occur with MDMAand is associated with ■ Increased release of va ...

TOXICOLOGY SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Altered perception of reality (including pain perception) without loss of consciousness ■ CNS effects ...

TOXICOLOGY TREATMENT ■ Supportive therapy ■ Airway management and aspiration precautions COMPLICATIONS ■ Rhabdomyolysis Inhalant ...

TOXICOLOGY HORMONAL AGENTS Thyroid Hormones Thyroid hormones are used as replacement therapy in hypothyroidism. Levothyroxine (T ...

TOXICOLOGY MECHANISM/TOXICITY ■ Absorbed through skin and mucous membranes →free fluoride ion avidly binds extracellular Ca++and ...

TOXICOLOGY Most lead toxicity is due to chronic, low-level exposure. Acute toxicity from single exposures is rare. MECHANISM/TOX ...

TOXICOLOGY ■ Acute poisoning ■ GI symptoms predominate: Violent gastroenteritis ■ Confusion, coma, seizures ■ Hypotension, tachy ...

TOXICOLOGY ■ Acute ingestion of organic mercury: Characterized by delayed (and perma- nent) neurotoxicity—ataxia, dysarthria, co ...

TOXICOLOGY Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless and colorless gas produced by incom- plete combustion of fuels or ...

TOXICOLOGY COMPLICATIONS ■ Delayed or persistent neurocognitive deficits on neuropsychiatric testing. ■ HBO therapy may prevent ...

TOXICOLOGY MECHANISM/TOXICITY ■ Inhibits cytochrome oxidase, disrupting oxidative phosphorylation →cellular hypoxia and lactic a ...