0071643192.pdf

■ Glucose control ■ Treat hyperglycemia to keep blood glucose 100–200. ■ Avoid IV solutions with glucose. ■ Avoid steroids, if p ...

■ See Table 15.2 for summary of indications and contraindications to thrombolytics. ■ Dose: 0.9 mg/kg with 10% given as bolus, r ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ Clinical diagnosis, based on complete resolution of findings within 24 hours ■ Evaluation for underlying etiology in ...

■ TheABCD^2 scorecan be used to predict likelihood of subsequent stroke within 2 days (see Table 15.3). ■ Patients with moderate ...

DIFFERENTIAL ■ Hypoglycemia, Todd paralysis, complicated migraine, mass lesion, delirium DIAGNOSIS ■ Suspect based on history an ...

■ Neurosurgery consult ■ Especially for cerebellar hemorrhage, which is associated with rapid deterioration and herniation SUBAR ...

Seizures are classified based on behavioral, electrophysiologic, and clinical features of the seizure rather than on anatomic or ...

Generalized Seizures Primary generalized seizures begin in both hemispheres and do not have inciting focus. All except myoclonic ...

DIAGNOSIS ■ EEG is confirmative (if diagnosis is in question). ■ Check glucose immediately. ■ Check electrolytes, magnesium, tox ...

■ Mycobacterium tuberculosis(uncommon) ■ Group B streptococcus, Escherichia coliandListeria monocytogenesare the most common bac ...

■ Brudzinki sign: Neck flexion results in flexion at hips (neck sign) or passive flexion of hip on one side results in contralat ...

TREATMENT ■ Stabilization and supportive therapy, as needed ■ Immediateempiric antibiotic therapy ■ Vancomycin, 1 gm IV, and ■ C ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Often begins with nonspecific acute febrile illness ■ Headache and fever (common) ■ Neurologic abnormalities ■ A ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Often mild course that may progress slowly over weeks ■ The vast majority of patients complain of headache. ■ Nu ...

SYMPTOMS/EXAM ■ Shunt obstruction (most common): Headache, N/ V, altered mentation ■ Other findings may include fever, meningism ...

NEUROLOGY CRITICALSECONDARY REVERSIBLESECONDARY PRIMARYHEADACHE CAUSES CAUSES SYNDROMES Vascular Non-CNS infections Migraine Sub ...

SYMPTOMS ■ Characterized by sudden onsetof severe headache ■ May be preceded by activities that increase ICP (intercourse, cough ...

TREATMENT ■ Supportive therapy ■ Nimodipine: To prevent vasospasm and ischemic stroke ■ Antiemetics to prevent N/ V ■ Prophylact ...

DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT ■ CT or MRI to confirm presence of mass ■ Urgent neurosurgical evaluation ■ Dexamethasone if edema present o ...

TREATMENT ■ Start immediately if diagnosis is suspected. ■ Prednisone 40–80 mg/day ■ NSAIDs for pain relief COMPLICATIONS Severe ...