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at the time. One outbreak in the UK provides a graphic illustration of secondary contamination and also how the sudden onset of ...

not require expensive tissue culture techniques for their enumeration since they can be detected through their ability to form p ...

the brains of affected individuals. PrPScis a modified version of the protein PrPCfound normally on the outer surface of neurons ...

thousands of tons of the same meat and bone meal thought to have caused BSE in the UK were also exported in the period 1985–1990 ...

CHAPTER 9 Fermented and Microbial Foods 9.1 INTRODUCTION So far in this book we have been almost exclusively concerned with the ...

occur together in fermented foods; in some cases members of both groups act in concert to produce a product while in others, one ...

9.2 Yeasts The yeasts are true fungi which have adopted an essentially single celled morphology reproducing asexually by budding ...

carbohydrates such as sucrose, maltose and raffinose but none can ferment the animal sugar lactose. In the tropicsSchizosaccharo ...

The following dichotomous key indicates how the genera discussed above differ from each other: Vegetative reproduction by cross ...

pathways and this provides a useful diagnostic feature in their classifica- tion (Figure 9.1). Homofermenters produce lactate as ...

involving oxidation and decarboxylation. The pentose is cleaved into glyceraldehyde phosphate and acetyl phosphate by the enzyme ...

lactate and acetate. They include some species important in food fermen- tation such asLb. plantarum,Lb. casei,andLb. sake. Obli ...

Production of bacteriocins by lactic acid bacteria has been extensively studied in recent years and a number have been described ...

bacteria and are characterized by the possession of unusual amino acids such as lanthionine (3,3^0 -thiodialanine) andb-methyl l ...

their contribution is likely to be negligible, particularly when compared to the ability of LAB to produce lactic acid in quanti ...

One area where there is good evidence for a beneficial effect is in the ability of fermented milks to alleviate the condition kn ...

Lactic acid bacteria have been reported to stimulate the immune system and various studies have described their ability to activ ...

longer than usual. Commercial starter cultures are also available usually consisting of strains ofOenococcus oeni, formerlyLeuco ...

sanitizers carried into the milk as a result of inadequate equipment cleaning regimes at the farm or dairy. Inhibition of the st ...

requirements for safety, this has a substantial lethal effect on the micro- flora. All but heat-resistant spores are eliminated ...