Dictionary of Chemistry [6th Ed.]
Ürst sheet in the solution. In the Helmholtz model the double layer is regarded as consisting of two planes of charge, with the ...
tion potentials. See also electromo- tive series. electrodialysis A method of ob- taining pure water from water con- taining a s ...
electrolytic separation A method of separating isotopes by exploiting the different rates at which they are released in electrol ...
electrons. The antiparticle of the elec- tron is the positron. electron afÜnitySymbol A. The energy change occurring when an ato ...
transmission in investigating thin Ülms. electronegative Describing el- ements that tend to gain electrons and form negative ion ...
optical microscopes the resolution is limited by the wavelength of the light. High-energy electrons, how- ever, can be associate ...
tions vary enormously. These rates can be explained in terms of the way in which molecules of the solvent solvating the reactant ...
*acids. They are either positive ions (e.g. NO 2 +) or molecules that have a positive charge on a particular atom (e.g. SO 3 , w ...
duce fragment ions in electron- impact impact ionization sources. The sample is dissolved in a volatile solvent, which may also ...
Reduction can occur in the range of temperatures in which the carbon curve is lower than the metal curve. The diagram was devise ...
where R is a hydrocarbon group or hydrogen. Enamines can be produced by condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary a ...
of allowed quantum states. Between the bands are forbidden bands. The outermost electrons of the atoms (i.e. the ones responsibl ...
tized vibrational and rotational mo- tion. Engel’s salt See potassium carbon- ate. enolate ionA negative ion ob- tained from an ...
dergoing reaction (the substrate) binds to a speciÜc active site on the enzyme molecule to form a short- lived intermediate (see ...
chemical conformations are opposite (i.e. 1R,2S or 1S,1R) the name ephedrine is used. If the conforma- tions are the same (1R,2R ...
inÜnitely high. In van der Waals’s equation, proposed by the Dutch physicist J. D. van der Waals (1837– 1923), k = n^2 a/V^2 , w ...
thermodynamics; it can be shown that the standard equilibrium con- stant KŠis given by exp(–∆GŠ/RT), where ∆GŠis the standard Gi ...
haviour can be very complex even for simple dynamical systems (see attractor). Systems, such as spin glasses, in which ergodicit ...
cohol with an acid to produce an ester and water; e.g. CH 3 OH + C 6 H 5 COOH ˆ CH 3 OOCC 6 H 5 + H 2 O The reaction is an equil ...
is employed for dissolving ionic com- pounds when water cannot be used. ethanoate(acetate)A salt or ester of ethanoic acid (acet ...
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