Dictionary of Chemistry [6th Ed.]
fractional distillation (fractiona- tion)The separation of a mixture of liquids by distillation. Effective sepa- ration can be a ...
von Fraunhofer, that result from the absorption by elements in the solar chromosphere of some of the wave- lengths of the visibl ...
θis the ratio of adsorption sites occu- pied to the number of adsorption sites available, c 1 , and c 2 are con- stants, and P i ...
bitals in a molecule: the highest oc- cupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO). These ...
over porous sintered nickel elec- trodes. A supply of gaseous hydrogen is fed to a compartment containing the porous anode and a ...
system of units. Such a set requires three mechanical units (usually of length, mass, and time) and one elec- trical unit; it ha ...
G GABASee gamma-aminobutyric acid. Gabriel reaction A method of making a primary *amine (free from any secondary or tertiary ami ...
has only a few minor uses (e.g. as an activator in luminous paints), but gal- lium arsenide is extensively used as a semiconduct ...
between them, and collisions be- tween molecules would be perfectly elastic. In practice, however, the be- haviour of real gases ...
equation, pV = nRT, where n is the amount of gas in the specimen and R is the *gas constant. The gas laws wereÜrst established e ...
action is easier to perform than the Sandmeyer reaction and takes place at lower temperature, but generally gives lower yields. ...
gem Designating molecules in which two functional groups are attached to the same atom in a molecule. For example, 1,1- dichloro ...
who spent his entire academic career at Yale University. During the 1870s he developed the theory of chemical thermodynamics, de ...
concentration. Glass electrodes are used in pH measurement. glassÜbres Melted glass drawn into thinÜbres some 0.005 mm–0.01 mm i ...
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GALP)A triose phosphate, CHOCH(OH)CH 2 OPO 3 H 2 , that is an in- termediate in the *Calvin cycle (s ...
portion of the molecule is usually based on glycerol (see glyceride) or sphingosine and the sugar is typically galactose, glucos ...
bonds, whereas starch is composed of 1-4 α-glycosidic bonds. glycosidic linkSee glycoside. glycosylationThe process in which a c ...
named after the US chemist Frank Gooch (1852–1929). Gouy balanceA method of meas- uring magnetic susceptibility. The sample is s ...
diation. Light and ultraviolet radia- tion from the sun are able to pen- etrate the atmosphere and warm the earth’s surface. Thi ...
does not need to be absorbed directly by the reacting substances; it is possi- ble, in photosensitization for exam- ple, that li ...
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