The Decisive Battles of World History

Roman and Macedonian Forces and Technology x By the time of Cynoscephalae, a new Roman army, with better weapons, better tactic ...

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The Battle x Cynoscephalae represented much more than a clash between Rome and the Hellenistic kingdoms of the east. It was a b ...

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Connolly, Greece and Rome at War. Hammond, “The Campaign and Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC.” Plutarch, Life of Flamininus. P ...

Lecture 6: 31 B.C. Actium—Birth of the Roman Empire 31 B.C. Actium—Birth of the Roman Empire ................................... ...

x 7KH5RPDQVSUHIHUUHG¿JKWLQJRQODQG$FFRUGLQJO\UDWKHUWKDQ using the ramming strategy, they tended to favor naval battle ...

Lecture 6: 31 B.C. Actium—Birth of the Roman Empire Sea. Although Rome had achieved great success with its overseas conquests, t ...

x Because neither Octavian nor Antony was quite ready for open FRQÀLFWWKH\GLYLGHGWKH5RPDQZRUOGEHWZHHQWKHPZKLOHHDFK c ...

Lecture 6: 31 B.C. Actium—Birth of the Roman Empire x Meanwhile, Agrippa continued his raids along the coast, capturing one str ...

course for Egypt. Antony, seeing Cleopatra escaping, transferred IURPKLVÀDJVKLSWRDVPDOOIDVWFUDIWDQGVHWRIIDIWHUKHU ...

Lecture 6: 31 B.C. Actium—Birth of the Roman Empire Casson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World. Gurval, Actium and August ...

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/HFWXUH±%&&KLQD²6WUXJJOHVIRU8QL¿FDWLRQ Chinese Armies and Technology x Chariots played a central role i ...

armies incorporated large contingents of foot soldiers armed with crossbows. x At around the same time, horses began to be bred ...

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stable, long-lasting empire in China would be the Han dynasty, and they, too, would come to power by force of arms. x %\% ...

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x Undaunted, the Chinese infantry closed ranks, with men holding spears and shields in the front and crossbowmen behind. Wave a ...

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