Modern Spanish Grammar: A Practical Guide

72.5.2 Present subjunctive or future indicative Both tenses are correct in this context, but the tendency is to use quizá(s), ta ...

73 Talking about the past This chapter covers all the main forms used in Spanish to refer to the past. You will learn to refer t ...

¿Qué dijiste? What have you said/did you say? 73.1.3 The recent past To refer to recent past events in general, Peninsular Spani ...

He estado trabajando desde las 7.00. I have been working since 7.00. Han estado bailando desde que se abrió la discoteca. They h ...

73.3.2 Latin American usage Latin American Spanish also uses the construction with acabar, but there is also a parallel construc ...

73.4.2 The present or historic present In narrative contexts, completed past events are sometimes expressed with the present. Th ...

73.6.2 Preterite of estar+ gerund With certain verbs, emphasis on the continuity of the past action is expressed with the preter ...

is sometimes accompanied by a time phrase such as entonces‘then’, en aquel tiempo ‘at that time’, en aquella época‘at that time’ ...

Nos visitaban muy a menudo. They used to visit us very often.
 17.3.1 (p. 74) 73.9.2 Imperfect of soler+ infinitive Past habit ...

Estábamos durmiendo cuando entraron los ladrones. We were sleeping when the burglars broke in. Ella estaba cocinando cuando él l ...

73.12.1 Subjunctive or indicative Quizá(s)/tal vez haya/ha sido Pablo quien lo quebró. Perhaps it was Pablo who broke it. Quizá( ...

Serían las seis cuando salieron. It must have been six o’clock when they left.
 17.7 (p. 77); 48.1.12 (p. 288) With the condit ...

AppendixTable of common irregular verbsThis table should be used in conjunction with 16.1 . Where a column has nothing in it, th ...

ATENDER ‘to attend to’ ie atiendo atienda ATRAVESAR ‘to cross’ ie atravieso atraviese CABER ‘to be contained’ quepo quepa cabré ...

Verb(includingcompoundforms) Meaning Radical-changing Orthographic-changing 1sg.Present 3sg.Pres. Subj. 1sg.Future 1sg.Imperfect ...

GUIAR ‘to guide’ guío guíe HABER perfect auxiliary he haya habré hubo HABITUAR ‘to accustom’ habitúo habitúe HACER ‘to do’; ‘to ...

Verb(includingcompoundforms) Meaning Radical-changing Orthographic-changing 1sg.Present 3sg.Pres. Subj. 1sg.Future 1sg.Imperfect ...

SALIR ‘to go out’ salgo salga saldré sal SATISFACER ‘to satisfy’ satisfago satisfaga satisfaré satisfizo satisfaz satisfecho SED ...

Bibliography Alarcos Llorach, A., Gramática de la lengua española, Real Academia Española/Espasa-Calpe, Madrid, 1994. Batchelor, ...

Index of words and topics NOTE The references are to sections, not to pages a 25.1.1, 25.3.2, 39.3.1, 39.4 a+ inf. 69.3.2 a, per ...