Dictionary of Philosophy of Religion

170 P PACIFISM. From the Latin pax (peace) + facere (to make). A strict pacifist believes all violence even if in self-defense i ...

171 PASCAL, BLAISE PANTHEISM. From the Greek pan- + theos, meaning “God is everything.” The belief that everything is God. Contr ...

PAUL, THE APOSTLE 172 a ses raisons que le raison ne connaît point; on le sait en mille choses.” (“The heart has its reasons whe ...

173 PAUL, THE APOSTLE often imprisoned for his teachings (again, mainly according to Acts). At his death, he is said to have bee ...

174 PEIRCE, CHARLES SANDERS often led Paul to defend his authenticity as an apostle; however, Paul’s influence has remained stro ...

PERFECTIONISM 175 these gifts, and baptism is not necessary for the forgiveness of original sin. Pelagius’ associate Celestius t ...

PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE 176 beings should aspire and strive for per- fection. A perfectionist need not believe that human beings ...

PHILOSOPHY 177 by Plato who promoted an allegorical reading of the Hebrew Scriptures. He is especially noted for his recognition ...

PHYSICALISM 178 Philosophy of religion has been carried out from the beginning of philosophy insofar as philosophers have engage ...

179 PLOTINUS Contemporary Platonic philosophers often articulate this view in terms of properties and exemplification. By their ...

PLURALISM 180 Leibniz rather than of Spinoza. Immate- rial souls are mirrors of the transcendent plenitude of the One and salvat ...

PNEUMA 181 POST-MORTEM EXISTENCE OF THE SELF. See LIFE AFTER DEATH. POSTMODERNITY, POSTMODERN- ISM. A movement that emerged in t ...

PRAGMATISM 182 New Testament and subsequent Christian theology to mean “soul.” It is also used in Gnostic writings to distinguis ...

PRAYER 183 The many forms of prayer include: repentance, confession, and prayers for forgiveness; praise and thanksgiving; petit ...

PRE-SOCRATICS 184 they are being prayed for), such as strengthening people’s moral resolve (e.g., Immanuel Kant), bringing their ...

PROCESS PHILOSOPHY 185 Ptolemaic model of the universe. It is also known as the crystalline sphere, and it is the origin of time ...

PROPERLY BASIC 186 God’s character may remain constant (God’s goodness, wisdom, and so on), in some regards God changes. Hence G ...

PURGATORY 187 identical with sentences. The two sen- tences, “It is raining,” and in French, “Il pleut,” both express the same p ...

PURGATORY 188 or purging.” Although the doctrine that purgatory is a place along with heaven and hell was not officially affirme ...

189 PYTHAGORAS transformation over time. This under- standing of purgatory can be advanced without accepting the Roman Catholic ...