Dictionary of Philosophy of Religion

TRANSMIGRATION 230 TRANSMIGRATION. Also called metempsychosis, the transmigration of souls is a belief held by many different cu ...

TRUTH & FALSEHOOD 231 transubstantiation.” Related ideas include (1) the presence of Christ’s entire body, blood, soul, and ...

TRUTH & FALSEHOOD 232 justified sentences or propositions. A further version of the latter is that a true proposition is one ...

233 U UBIQUITY. See OMNIPRESENCE. UNCLEAN. See IMPURITY. UNDERHILL, EVELYN (1875–1941). A British poet and scholar whose work on ...

UNIVERSALS 234 therefore the only position that is possibly true. Although the advocates of univer- salism are perhaps increasin ...

UTILITARIANISM 235 of being human. Christian philosophers have differed about whether Christ died for each human being as indivi ...

236 V VALUES. See AXIOLOGY. VEDANTA. Sanskrit, “the end of the Ve d a.” One of the six schools of orthodox Hinduism, Vedanta pri ...

VIRTUES 237 morally wrong), and religion (there is an incorporeal God transcending space and time) as they (ostensibly) did not ...

238 VOLTAIRE, FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET DE bravely when the occasion warrants. Contrast with VICES. VOLTAIRE, FRANÇOIS MARIE AROUET ...

239 VON BALTHASAR, HANS theological journal Communio: Interna- tional Catholic Review of Theology and Culture. Pope John Paul II ...

240 W WEBER, MAX (1864–1920). German sociologist who claimed that with the waning of ancient beliefs in the gods we enter a peri ...

WICCA 241 (1689), Discourses (1701), and Moral and Religious Aphorisms (1703). WHITEHEAD, ALFRED NORTH (1861–1947). A mathematic ...

WICCA 242 Then, prayers, thanks, or petitions are said to the Lord and Lady. Sometimes there is anointing of oil (different oils ...

243 WITTGENSTEIN, LUDWIG animal sacrifice as they respect every life- form and the sacrifice would go against their creed of “An ...

244 WOLFF, CHRISTIAN foundation (the picture theory of lan- guage) was unsuccessful. In his second, mature work, he contended th ...

245 X XENOPHANES (c. 570–c. 475 BCE). Greek pre-Socratic philosopher, poet, and social critic. Xenophanes criticized anthropomor ...

246 XUNZI XUNZI (c. 312–230 BCE). Xunzi was a Confucian philosopher in the late classi- cal period. Unlike Mencius, who believed ...

247 Y YHWH. Also known as the Tetragrama- ton (Greek, “four letters”). These four Hebrew consonants (Yodh He Waw He) constitute ...

248 YOGA (pratyāhāra), concentration (dhārana), meditation (dhyāna), and absorption (samādhi). In the Bhagavad Gita, yoga is und ...

249 Z ZEN BUDDHISM. A branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed in China as Ch’an beginning in the seventh century CE. It later ...