SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE PHYSICS AND DESIGN

1.3. LATTICE MISMATCHED STRUCTURES 17 SiO 2 Si Rows of Si atoms Figure 1.12: The tremendous success of Si technology is due to t ...

18 CHAPTER 1. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS Vacancy Self interstitial Impurity interstitial Substitutional POINT DEFEC ...

1.3. LATTICE MISMATCHED STRUCTURES 19 Row of atoms have only 3 nearest neighbor bonds Figure 1.14: A schematic showing the prese ...

20 CHAPTER 1. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS (a) (b) (c) n bonds: substrate n+ 1 bonds: epilayer Substrate Overlayer aL ...

1.4. STRAINED EPITAXY: STRAIN TENSOR 21 to generate dislocations. In simplistic theories this occurs at an overlayer thickness c ...

22 CHAPTER 1. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS :Missing rows of atoms Region with few dislocations Dislocations are confi ...

1.4. STRAINED EPITAXY: STRAIN TENSOR 23 surface Al 2 O 3 GaN interface dislocations (a) (b) (c) Figure 1.18: (a) Cross-sectional ...

24 CHAPTER 1. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS while in the case of strained layer grown on a (111) substrate σ = c 11 +2 ...

1.6. PROBLEMS 25 Material C 11 (N/m^2 ) C 12 (N/m^2 ) C 41 (N/m^2 ) Si 1.66 x 1011 0.64 x 1011 0.8 x 1011 Ge 1.29 x 1011 0.48 x ...

26 CHAPTER 1. STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF SEMICONDUCTORS IMPORTANT SUBSTRATES Statue / ISSUES Silicon (Si) Mature, 12-inch diamete ...

1.7. FURTHER READING 27 composition of In that can be tolerated. Assume that the lattice constant of the alloy can be linearly i ...

Chapter 2 ELECTRONIC LEVELS IN SEMICONDUCTORS 2.1 INTRODUCTION Semiconductor electronic and optoelectronic devices depend upon h ...

2.2. PARTICLES IN AN ATTRACTIVE POTENTIAL: BOUND STATES 29 Electronic properties in an atom: All solids are made up of atoms an ...

30 CHAPTER 2. ELECTRONIC LEVELS IN SEMICONDUCTORS The symbolsn, , mare the three quantum numbers describing the solution. The t ...

2.2. PARTICLES IN AN ATTRACTIVE POTENTIAL: BOUND STATES 31 0 1 16 E^1 1 9 E^1 1 4 E^1 E 1 1 s 2 s 3 s 4 s 5 s = 0 E 1 = –13.6 eV ...

32 CHAPTER 2. ELECTRONIC LEVELS IN SEMICONDUCTORS 2 a V V 0 –W 2 W 2 x = 0 0 x Figure 2.2: Schematic of a quantum well of width ...

2.3. ELECTRONS IN CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 33 If the potential barrier is not infinite, we cannot assume that the wavefunction goes to ...

34 CHAPTER 2. ELECTRONIC LEVELS IN SEMICONDUCTORS Density of states for a three-dimensional system We will now discuss the extre ...

2.3. ELECTRONS IN CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS 35 N(E) N(E) E–1/2 1D system E (a) E1/2 N(E) 3D system E E^0 2D system E (b) (c) V 0 V 0 V ...

36 CHAPTER 2. ELECTRONIC LEVELS IN SEMICONDUCTORS EXAMPLE 2.1Calculate the density of states of electrons in a 3D system and a 2 ...