Encyclopedia of Buddhism

CELIBACY. SeeSexuality CENTRAL ASIA Unlike most regions of the world, there is no univer- sally accepted definition of what cons ...

Kaniska) to Buddhism, however, are probably no more than that, for no inscription describes him as a Bud- dhist (or even as mak ...

the Tokharian territories of the northeast (though some non-Uygur Turks had preceded them). Initially they adopted local Sarva
s ...

for images of the Buddha and narratives of his life and teachings, could easily be hollowed out of the soft rocks and gravel or ...

Small wooden images dating from the fifth century C.E. onward have been found at sites such as Toyuq and Gaochang. These images ...

paintings or in sculptured form. The final element in the iconographical program is a half-circular lunette over the entrance, o ...

to Art” that proved to be enormously influential. (Wa- ley, as was typical at the time, uses the Japanese term Zenrather than Ch ...

torial counterpart to the concern with issues of lin- eage and transmission that figures so prominently in early Chan textual so ...

artistic practice as well as by artistic product—levels of meaning, that is, that are a function of the creative act itself. Fro ...

activity such as archery, say, can be a form of Chan art. That is, if the absence or presence of Chan essence in a painting depe ...

Foulk, T. Griffith, and Sharf, Robert H. “On the Ritual Use of Ch’an Portraiture in Medieval China.” Cahiers d’Extreme- Asie7 (1 ...

all-at-once enlightenment (wu) or “being buddha” (jifo). After Shenhui, Chan lineages favored the latter, although some accused ...

radical, iconoclastic Linji house, with formulations such as the four selections of the person and environ- ment or the three ph ...

Concentration on wuwould lead to a breakthrough. This single word was called a huatou(key word or crit- ical phrase) and “examin ...

of Mazu Daoyi, and a considerable number of Silla monks, including To ̆ui (d. 825), came to study with Daoyi and his pupils. How ...

subordinate component of their practice from the 660s. In the mid-twelfth century, communication was reopened with Song dynasty ...

a Linji lineage, Rinzai and China’s Linji had diverged over the centuries, so when the monks arrived in the 1650s, the Japanese ...

Faure, Bernard. Chan Insights and Oversights: An Epistemologi- cal Critique of the Chan Tradition.Princeton, NJ: Princeton Unive ...

understanding its discursive meaning is not a viola- tion of the text, but the fulfillment of it. Just as single words can epito ...

Bells, gongs, drums, horns, and other instruments are used to provide rhythm and emphasis. In East Asia a common accoutrement is ...