PAEDIATRIC DENTISTRY - 3rd Ed. (2005)

extracted. Extraction of these teeth might be indicated where it is clear that orthodontic appliances should be minimized or avo ...

902H Fig. 14.3 (a) Class I occlusion with crowding of the lateral incisors in an 8 1/2-year old patient, before extraction of pr ...

Extraction of a primary second molar allows significant mesial migration of the first permanent molar in that quadrant, causing ...

The behaviour of the lower second molars is fairly unpredictable following loss of lower first permanent molars and is greatly ...

the position of the first molar. If the second molar has erupted before the extraction it still migrates forward, taking up most ...

treatment, as proclining the upper incisors is a form of expansion which itself creates more space. Clearly, where active orthod ...

overeruption of the opposing first molar and reduces the mesial tilting of the lower second molar. 916H Fig. 14.8 (a) and (b) Ex ...

the supporting tissues, causing localized gingival recession (918HFig. 14.10). Early correction encourages development of a clas ...

spring. 14.4.2 Posterior cross-bite with displacement Bilateral posterior cross-bites are often accepted as they usually reflect ...

925H Fig. 14.12 Unilateral posterior cross-bite with lateral mandibular displacement. (a) Initial contact on closure. (b) Latera ...

very lengthy when started early. Progress can be slow in prepubertal children because of their relatively slow growth rate, and ...

931H Fig. 14.14 (a) Simple upper removable appliance maintaining space following extraction of 4|4 while 3|3 erupt. (b) Lower li ...

936H Fig. 14.15 A 9-year-old child with an anterior open bite associated with thumb sucking. (b) A 16-year-old girl with a conti ...

Key Points Mixed dentition Cross-bites with displacement may be treated in the mixed dentition. Treatment of increased overjet ...

14.5.3 Radiographic assessment Where the canine is not palpable it should be assessed radiographically. A periapical radiograph ...

incisor apices. An estimate should also be made of the tooth's angulation and the position of its apex relative to the line of t ...

|1. (b) Radiograph taken with the tube positioned further distally shows that the image of |3 is further distally. The image of ...

951H Fig. 14.20 (a) The panoramic view shows that the crown of the |3 is close to the mid- line. (b) The lateral view shows that ...

(4) leave the impacted canine in situ. Exposure and orthodontic alignment This is the treatment of choice for a well-motivated p ...

During the early teenage years there is a risk of resorption of adjacent incisor roots so that annual radiographic review is nec ...