A01_RICH4603_04_SE_A01.QXD

voice synthesizer n see speech synthesis VO language n a language in which the verb usually precedes the object, in contrast to ...

bir+de=birde “at one” both /i / and /e / are front vowels on+da=onda “at ten” both /o/ and /a/ are back vowels. vowel length n t ...

W wait time n (in questioning) the pause after a teacher has asked a question before a student is asked to respond. The effectiv ...

weighting^1 n in testing, the relative importance of different skills and language which is assigned in the assessment process. ...

a method for teaching children to read, commonly used in teaching reading in the mother tongue, in which children are taught to ...

word response accident car airplane fly American flag baby child depression recession see also associative meaning word bank n s ...

f the repetition of a word or part of a word: reduplication g the invention of a completely new word, such as the mathematical t ...

where the object of the sentence is shifted to the beginning. see also functional sentence perspective word recognition n see to ...

other mother tongue Englishes but also newer varieties of English that have emerged in countries that were once colonies and dep ...

drafting, reviewing and revising and some approaches to the teaching of first and second language writing teach students to use ...

X X-BAR syntax n see x-bar theory X-BAR theory n (in universal grammar) an approach to syntax, x-bar syntax, which attempts to s ...

Y Yes-No question n see question young learners n in language teaching, children of pre-primary and primary school age. Other se ...

Z zero anaphora n a type of anaphorain which a form may be omitted because its referent (see reference) is known or can be guess ...

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