MLARTC_FM.part 1.qxp

grations westward, possibly influenced by shuaijiao (shuai-chiao) and other sources of Chinese and Mongolian wrestling. Turkey w ...

The oil obviously makes it much more difficult to grab an opponent, and competitors must rely on a great deal of skill to throw ...

the Safawid Brotherhood (a Sufi brotherhood whose sheiks claimed descent from Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali) maintained considerabl ...

to gain punching power. Open-hand techniques to the eyes, ears, throat, and solar plexus are used. Elbow techniques are used ext ...

reverence, but for the most part have been codified into martial sport, with much of the military application no longer practice ...

Mongolian and Inner Mongolian ver- sions of this wrestling style. The Mon- golians wear a traditional Mongolian cap (which is re ...

Archery is a skill for which the Mongols of antiquity were famous. The Mongol empire at its zenith owed its success to the bow a ...

range of up to 500 yards in battle. The mounted archer could get off be- tween six and twelve shots per minute. In antiquity the ...

walk. Children were often placed on sheep to practice riding when they were still too small for horseback. Horse racing in Mongo ...

Sinor, Denis. 1990. The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Smith, John. 1984. “Mongol ...

ing are standard protection. Under traditional rules, boxers bound their hands with cotton cloth, dipped them in glue, and sprin ...

(Praditbatuga 2000). A fighter demonstrates level of expertise through combat. Like other Asian martial arts, Muay Thai has a sp ...

while the rear foot moves first going backward. In moving sideways or lat- erally, the fighter’s left foot moves first when goin ...

Ron Smith emphasizes kicking an opponent’s legs. These techniques are called cut kicks, because by using them you can cut out th ...

Ninjutsu Ninjutsuis the Japanese martial art of espionage, called in English the “techniques of stealth” or the “arts of invisib ...

ninja boom that spread widely overseas as part of a larger international fas- cination with martial arts. Consequently, ninjutsu ...

of Japan. With the destruction of the Iga and Kôga territories by Oda Nobunaga in 1581, many of the local warriors fled to daimy ...

Nobunaga in Kyoto in 1582, Ieyasu avoided attack himself and escaped from Sakai back to his home territory of Mikawa with the as ...

for ninja actions. For night work, ninja wore black clothing and a hood to avoid detection; but in the daylight, they normally w ...

out fatigue, breath control, and various ways of walking to avoid sound and, thus, detection. They also had to be skilled at cli ...