MLARTC_FM.part 1.qxp

Edited by Bradley Hertel and Cynthia Ann Humes. Albany: SUNY Press. ———. 1999. “Heaps of Health, Metaphysical Fitness: Ayurveda ...

Religion and Spiritual Development: Japan Editorial note: Bracketed number codes in this entry refer to the list of ideograms th ...

A story from the famous series Biyu Suikoden(Handsome Heroes of the Water Margin) of the warrior Takagi Umanosuke undergoing a t ...

tention to the relationships among martial arts, religion, and spiritual de- velopment in premodern Japan. Modern Theories of Re ...

tury. In 1868 a new regime, known as the Meiji [5], overthrew the 300-year old Tokugawa [6] military government (called the baku ...

from firsthand knowledge of their own religious traditions, it encouraged their acceptance of new abstract interpretations of Ja ...

and they became an integral part of the German empire produced by that victory. In contrast to the intense nationalism and milit ...

spread throughout the world. It reached Japan in 1909 when Kanô Jigorô [10] was selected to become the first Asian member of the ...

Eventually, they would adopt textbooks and training methods developed by educators at Tokyo Teacher’s College in the department ...

ity just as warriors (bushi [24]) of earlier times had relied on Confucian- ism. He lamented what he saw as the decline of publi ...

thing-dô.” In 1914 the superintendent-general of police, Nishikubo Hi- romichi [31], published a series of articles in which he ...

To counter the influence of the British games ethic, officials continu- ally devised new ways to more closely identify martial a ...

Although Suzuki frequently quoted from Zen hagiographies, he ar- gued that Zen is not the exclusive property of the Zen school, ...

Herrigel spoke each other’s language. Writing from memory almost twenty years after he left Japan, Herrigel placed subtle metaph ...

Draeger declared that these activities cannot be correctly understood in terms of the ultranationalistic militaristic training o ...

Japan. Variation by region and social class was the rule. One cannot even say with certainty when martial arts began. Some recen ...

fostered the development of textual criticism, which enabled the Confucian Tominaga Nakamoto [92] (1715–1746) to deny their vera ...

to deliver the labor and taxes demanded of them. In this way, local gods symbolized the authority that rulers exercised over peo ...

ticipation in public ceremonies not only reinforced hierarchical distinctions within the lineage, but also constituted public no ...

and gods and all creatures. Success in worldly endeavors was attributed to one’s mastery of these resemblances. The complexity o ...