MLARTC_FM.part 1.qxp

martial art diplomas at pseudoreligious rituals modeled after tantric initia- tions: The student would perform ascetic practices ...

Aside from magical spells, the alchemical practice most widely found in Japanese martial arts is embryonic breathing (taisoku [1 ...

fucian texts spread beyond the confines of the court nobility and of the Buddhist monasteries into hundreds of newly established ...

Over time, the Confucian ideals proclaimed by and for military rulers found an audience among powerful merchants, wealthy landow ...

In spite of the enduring popularity of Takuan’s essay, his advocacy of a Zen approach to mental training represented a minority ...

a means of acquiring status. Lacking scholarly pretensions, rural martial artists emphasized mastery of technique and physical p ...

time, most educated people already had abandoned traditional martial arts as old-fashioned. Four years earlier, in 1876, wearing ...

———. 1988. “Sumô and Popular Culture: The Tokugawa Period.” In The Japanese Trajectory: Modernization and Beyond.Edited by Gavan ...

———. 1953. Zen in the Art of Archery.Translated by Richard F. C. Hull. New York: Pantheon Books. Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ran ...

Cultural Bond: Sport, Empire, Society.Edited by J. A. Mangan. London: F. Cass. ———. 1986. The Games Ethic and Imperialism: Aspec ...

———. 1995 (1993). “The Zen of Nationalism.” Reprinted in Curators of the Buddha: The Study of Buddhism under Colonialism.Edited ...

502 Religion and Spiritual Development: Japan ...

Religion and Spiritual Development: Japan 503 ...

504 Religion and Spiritual Development: Japan ...

Religion and Spiritual Development: Japan 505 ...

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Sambo Sambo is an acronym (in Russian) for “Self-Defense without Weapons” (Samo borona bez oruzhija or Samozashchitija bez oruzh ...

today over which of the three individuals, Kharlampiev, Spiridonov, or Oshchepkov, was most responsible for the actual formation ...

developed as a result of the harsh winter environment of Russia, where peo- ple dress in several layers of clothes. Often, arms ...

The development of sambo was an attempt to create a native fighting system for the new nation. Although it did not supplant the ...