The Psychology of Gender 4th Edition

Subject Index 625

E

Eating disorders, 526–532

consequences of, 528–529

definitions and prevalence, 526–528

etiology of, 529–532

biology, 529

demographics, 529

female gender role, 529–530

inventory of, 528

psychological factors, 531–532

societal factors, 530–531

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA), 511

Education, 184

division of labor in family and, 415

mortality and, 344

physical attractiveness and, 296, 299–304

EEOC.See Equal Employment Opportunity

Commission (EEOC)

Effect size, 106

Egalitarian gender ideology, 68

Egalitarianism

economic independence of, 323

in friendship, 265

relationship satisfaction and, 323

view of, 320

Egoistic dominance, 166, 222

Electra complex, 146

EMA.See Ecological momentary assessment

(EMA)

Emotional bond challenge, as obstacle to

cross-sex friendships, 278

Emotional inexpressiveness, as a barrier to

closeness in friendship, 274–275

Emotional infidelity, 332–335

Emotional investment, 311

Emotional skills, 320

Emotional transmission, 324

Emotional versus sexual infidelity, 332

Emotionality, 3

Emotion-focused coping, 501

Emotion(s), 247–251

attributions for, 251

experience of, 247–249

expression of, 249–250

physiological measures of, 250–251

social role theory of, 256

Emotion words, 231

Empathy, sex differences in, 119–120

Empiricism, 30

Employment

division of labor and, 412

effects on women’s health, 444–446

sex differences in preferences, 457–458

time spent on household chores, 446–448

women’s employment effects on

marriage, 448

Empty nest, 289–291

Encoding, 237

Endocrine function, conflict discussion

and, 411

Entity theory, 211

Environment

gender-role socialization and, 158–164

advertisements, 163–164

books, 159–161

television, 161–163

toys, 158–159

hostile, 475, 481

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

(EEOC), 475–476

Equality challenge, as obstacle to cross-sex

friendships, 278–279

Equitable relationships, 323

Equity, 323

in relationships, 324

Eros (romantic) love, 310–311

Estrogens, 136, 350–351

Ethnicity

body image and, 516

divorce and, 395

gender-role stereotypes and, 83–84

homophily and, 282

morality and, 130

power distribution in marriages, 322–323

self-esteem and, 195

sexual attitudes and behaviors and, 126

single parent families and, 418

Etiology, 370, 529

Eveleth Mines case, 475

Evolutionary psychology, 143

Evolutionary Psychology(Buss), 143

Evolutionary theory, 301–302

jealousy and, 332

and sociobiology, 143–145

aggression, 144

hunter-gatherer society, 145

sexual behavior, 143–144

Exercise, 371–374

physical, 371–374

Expectancies, target-basedvs.category-based,

80–81

Expectancy/value model, 206–208

Expectations states theory, 252

Experimental study, 33–36

advantage of, 35–36

disadvantage of, 36

Experimenter effects, 40–44

communication of results, 42–44

data collection, 41–42

data interpretation, 42

question asked, 40–41

study design, 40–41

External attribution, 202

External validity, 36

Exposure, differential, 510

Externalizing behavior, 518

Extramarital affair, 319

F

Facts, 30

Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, 363–364

Failing at Fairness: How America’s Schools

Cheat Girls (Sadker and Sadker),

211–212

Failure, attribution for, 203–204

Fairy tales, 159

Family (ies)

effect of women’s employment on, 446–448

paid workers role on, 452–453

Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA),

469–470

Family capital, 465

Family Guy(cartoon), 96, 149

Family-Supportive Work Environment,

469–470

Family Ties, 95

Father Gander, 160

Father Knows Best(TV show), 441

FDA.See Federal Drug Administration (FDA)

Fear

of achievement, 186–190

of affiliation, 189

and gender-role strain, 63

of retaliation, 123

of success, 186–188

Federal Drug Administration (FDA), 20

susceptibility factors, 495

after widowhood, 490

DES.See Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Desired characteristics in mate, 296–304

Desperate Housewives, 96

Development, psychosexual stages of, 146

Development of Sex Differences, The

(Maccoby), 53

Diabetes mellitus, 344–345

Diabetes, 369–371

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental

Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), 488, 518

Diana, Princes of Wales, 487

Diethylstilbestrol (DES), 139, 140

Different cause theory of depression, 496–497

Differential exposure hypothesis, 442, 510

Differential item functioning, 494

Differential vulnerability hypothesis, 442, 510

Diphtheria, 344

Disability, reading, 116

Discomfort, denial of discrimination to

avoid, 473

Discrimination

benevolent, 73

health and, 458–474

access discrimination, 458

denial of discrimination, 472–475

pay disparity, 461–462

treatment discrimination, 458

sex, 9, 97–99

Diseases, communicable, 319.See also

Morbidity

Dispositional attribution, 91–92

Dispositional level of analysis, 260–261

Distraction, as coping strategy, 502

Disturbed eating behavior, 527

Division of labor, 411–417

gender-role attitudes, 414

health and, 414–417

effects on well-being, 459–460

gender-role attitudes, 414

household labor and, 412–416

power and, 414–415

relationship commitment, 415–416

satisfaction with, 416–417

sexual orientation and, 457–458

work outside the home and, 415

marriage and, 411–417

women’s employment and, 412

Divorce

custody of children, 417

health effects of, 406–407

strains from, 406–407

transition to, 408

Dizygotic twins (fraternal twins),

135–136

Djellaba, 12–13

Dominance

egoistic, 166, 222

emotion and, 256

leadership and, 241

prosocial, 222

social dominance orientation, 71,

76–77

spousal abuse and, 429

Driving behavior, health and, 375–376

Drug use, 367–369

depression and, 495

prevalence, 368–369

Drug therapy, 356

Dual-earner couples, 447–448

job role quality and health in, 458

marital quality and health in, 412

Duluth model, 428

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