Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt

Tree sheltered a divine cat being, called mau,dedicated to protecting the god RÉ. When the serpent APOPHISattacked Ré on his nig ...

Ramesses II’s temple. This rare honor attests to Pesuir’s standing. pet The ancient Egyptian word for the sky, which was also ca ...

semidivine nature of the pharaoh did not have a negative effect on the levels of service rendered by nobles or com- moners, howe ...

who watched a succession of city-states, petty rulers, and chaos in Egypt and entered the land to restore the periods of spiritu ...

Pharnabazus(fl. fourth century B.C.E.) Persian satrap who commanded the Persian invasion of Egypt in 373 B.C.E. This invasion to ...

served as a vassal state. A statue of SHOSHENQ I (r. 945–924 B.C.E.) was placed in a Phoenician temple by the reigning prince of ...

c. 1054 B.C.E., Pinudjem assumed a royal name, Keper- karé Setepenamun Kanakhhtemeryamun, and elevated himself to the rank of ph ...

lance, and the temples kept their own people available to insure order and a harmonious spirit. Police units were stationed at t ...

allowed them to flourish and to influence the cultural development of the entire land. The priesthood was not viewed as a separa ...

“Primeval Island of Trampling” This was a mythical and cultic site in the cosmogonic traditions of Egypt. Associated with the mo ...

Nabopolasser, the Mede, at Ashdod on the coast as well. When the Scythians threatened Egypt, Psammetichus I sent tribute and esc ...

Memphite teachings concerning Ptah were discovered on a STELA, which explained the cosmogony and the cult of the region. Accordi ...

B.C.E.) named the site when the area was taken by Egypt. Ptolemais served as a port for trading ships and flour- ished throughou ...

Suggested Readings:Chauveau, Michel, and David Lor- ton, transl. Egypt in the Age of Cleopatra: History and Soci- ety under the ...

Egypt. The priests at Canopus declared their status in 238 B.C.E. Ptolemy IV Philopator (d. 205 B.C.E.) Fourth ruler of the Ptol ...

In 164 B.C.E., Ptolemy VI was expelled by his brother and fled to Rome, where he pleaded for aid. Ptolemy VIII was sent to Cyren ...

He killed her within a year and was slain by an irate Alexandrian mob. Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysius (Auletes)(d. 51 B.C.E.) Twelft ...

Punt offered ELECTRUM(a gold and silver mixture), gold, ivory, myrrh, incense, skins, boomerangs, cosmet- ics, spices, wild anim ...

HORIZON. The divine patrons of the pylons were the god- desses ISISand NEPHTHYS. pyramid The monument erected as a tomb and stag ...

deceased’s name and memory. Nonroyal tombs also con- tained serdabs.A causeway led from this temple to a val- ley temple on the ...