Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt

B 62 ba(1) The human-headed bird representing the soul or the vital essence of human beings, the baappears at the moment of unio ...

of the temple of HATSHEPSUT (r. 1473–1458 B.C.E.). Within the lower chamber 153 sets of COFFINSwere dis- covered, aligned side b ...

Bahr Libeini This was a waterway through MEMPHIS dating to the Early Dynastic Period. Legend stated that AHA(r. 2920–? B.C.E.) a ...

sharing powers with PEUKESTAS. His term in office and the length of his satrapy are not documented well. Ba’lu-shipti(fl. 14th c ...

throughout Egypt’s history. A temple at the WADI MI’AH celebrated his concerns and care also. See also EGYPTIAN NATURAL RESOURCE ...

father,” a phrase denoting his role. He built himself a smaller gravesite in the VALLEY OF THE KINGS. The Papyrus Harris I descr ...

Beit el-Wali This was a temple site south of ASWAN, erected by RAMESSES II(r. 1290–1224 B.C.E.) of the Nine- teenth Dynasty. A d ...

entombed at Heliopolis as part of the rites there. Images of the Bennu were found on tomb walls from the earliest eras. A date p ...

and plundered the golden coffin of ALEXANDER III THE GREATinorder to cover his expenses. Expelled again, Ptolemy X was accompani ...

mound was associated with Egypt’s creation traditions. Biga was also revered as a site of OSIRIS’s tomb. A temple was erected on ...

rulers. “Jackals and Hounds,” one of the most popular of the board amusements, used wands to determine moves. Bocchoris See BAKE ...

gods and the deceased, showing various openings through which the boat of RÉwould have to pass in order to be released from peri ...

called “the Mothers of BUCHIS.” NECTANEBO II(r. 360–343 B.C.E.) built on the site. Thirty-six Buchis bulls were buried there, wi ...

these royal women served Egypt faithfully and held leadership positions during the campaigns to oust the HYKSOSfrom the land. Bu ...

an allied state of Egypt during the New Kingdom (1550–1070 B.C.E.). byssus This was the name given to fine linen products develo ...

C 77 Caesar, Julius(d. 44 B.C.E.) Roman military and politi- cal leader who was one of the most powerful men in the world He est ...

Dynasty, this was a calendar of lucky and unlucky days of the year. The good or bad potential fortune of a single day was determ ...

He was born in Cyrene but was welcomed by the Ptolemaic court, where he wrote the Aelia,“Causes,” a narrative in four books. Cal ...

embalming, the jars varied in style over the centuries but were useful throughout Egypt’s history, considered a vital part of th ...

the shenand symbolizing the course of the sun. In time, the form was elongated and used as a frame for the names of the pharaohs ...