Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt

axle for increased stability. The sides of the chariots were normally made of stretched canvas, reinforced by stucco. The floors ...

circumcision The surgical removal of part of the male prepuce, practiced by the Egyptians as part of their meth- ods of hygiene ...

When the deposed pharaoh invaded Egypt, Cleopatra (3) sentout a military force and pushed Ptolemy IX Soter II back to Cyprus. Pt ...

the throne in his place. Together they ruled Egypt, and the Roman Senate recognized the royal pair in 42 B.C.E. A year later, Ma ...

evolved from the Twelfth Dynasty (1991–1783 B.C.E.) mortuary formulas. The Coffin Texts were composed of the PYRAMID TEXTS, whic ...

the past the northernmost statue was said to have made musical sounds at dawn, amazing visitors and bringing it world fame until ...

land, had the right to ask his people to assume staggering burdens of labor. This privilege of the Egyptian ruler has been viewe ...

called NUNor Nu; (2) a primeval hill arose to bring life out of chaos and darkness. The cosmogonic tenets of the city of Heliopo ...

Crocodilopolis An ancient Egyptian site, originally called Shedet, then Arsinoe, and now Medinet el-Faiyum. A tradition states t ...

CENTER GOD Hierakonpolis Horus Leratopolis Lions (Akeru) Letopolis Horus Memphis Ptah and Sekhmet Ombo Set Sais Neith Tanis Set ...

D 92 Dabá, Tell-el See AVARIS. Dagi (Dagy)(fl. 21st century B.C.E.) Official of the Twenty-first Dynasty He served MONTUHOTEP II ...

of the region of KHARGA OASIS. The capital was Balat in the historical period of the Old Kingdom (2575–2134 B.C.E.), and there w ...

KHARGAOasis and installed Persian style tunnels and pipes for delivering water. Darius II also added to the codified laws of Egy ...

deben An Egyptian unit of weight, equivalent to 32 ounces or 91 grams, a kitewas a weight unit equivalent to one-tenth of a debe ...

ALEXANDER[III]THE GREATleft Egypt to march into Asia. The architect arrived on the scene in 231 B.C.E., but the city was not com ...

tion is revealed in level three, with Israelite and Byzantine remains denoting levels two and three. Egyptian burials were also ...

AMENHOTEP I (r. 1525–1504 B.C.E.) was an early patron of the region. A temple erected on the site by AMENHOTEP III(r. 1359–1353 ...

Den (Udimu)(fl. c. 2850 B.C.E.) Fourth ruler of the First Dynasty Reigning c. 2850 B.C.E., he was called “the Horus Who Attacks. ...

three sanctuaries. There were painted reliefs within the temple. desert Called the Red Lands, or Deshret, by the Egyp- tians, th ...

District of Tekhenu-Aten A tract of land on the west- ern shore of THEBES, once part of AMENHOTEP III’s (r. 1391–1353 B.C.E.) va ...