Microsoft Word - Cengel and Boles TOC _2-03-05_.doc

The ratio of the stagnation to static pressure is obtained by substituting Eq. 17–18 into Eq. 17–5: (17–19) The ratio of the sta ...

17–4 ■ ISENTROPIC FLOW THROUGH NOZZLES Converging or converging–diverging nozzles are found in many engineering applications inc ...

Now we begin to reduce the back pressure and observe the resulting effects on the pressure distribution along the length of the ...

critical ratio. Also illustrated on this figure is the effect of back pressure on the nozzle exit pressure Pe. We observe that T ...

Another parameter sometimes used in the analysis of one-dimensional isentropic flow of ideal gases is Ma*, which is the ratio of ...

840 | Thermodynamics The critical-pressure ratio is determined from Table 17–2 (or Eq. 17–22) to be P*/P 0
0.5283. (a) The back ...

Converging–Diverging Nozzles When we think of nozzles, we ordinarily think of flow passages whose cross-sectional area decreases ...

Consider the converging–diverging nozzle shown in Fig. 17–27. A fluid enters the nozzle with a low velocity at stagnation pressu ...

mass flow rate through the nozzle. However, it does influence the char- acter of the flow in the diverging section. 3.When PCPb ...

crosses the normal shock. Normal shock waves are discussed in Section 17–5. 4.When PEPb0, the flow in the diverging section is ...

17–5 ■ SHOCK WAVES AND EXPANSION WAVES We have seen that sound waves are caused by infinitesimally small pressure disturbances, ...

(1886–1975) and develop relationships for the flow properties before and after the shock. We do this by applying the conservatio ...

The conservation of energy principle (Eq. 17–31) requires that the stagna- tion enthalpy remain constant across the shock; h 01 ...

Combining Eqs. 17–35 and 17–36 gives the pressure ratio across the shock: (17–37) Equation 17–37 is a combination of the conserv ...

across the normal shock (s 2 s 1 )/Rversus Ma 1 is shown in Fig. 17–34. Since the flow across the shock is adiabatic and irreve ...

850 | Thermodynamics Differentiating, we have Solving for dVgives Combining this with the energy equation, we have which is the ...

Example 17–9 illustrates that the stagnation pressure and velocity decrease while the static pressure, temperature, density, and ...

Oblique Shocks Not all shock waves are normal shocks (perpendicular to the flow direc- tion). For example, when the space shuttl ...

We analyze a straight oblique shock in Fig. 17–38 by decomposing the velocity vectors upstream and downstream of the shock into ...

equations appropriate for oblique shocks in an ideal gas are summarized in Fig. 17–40 in terms of Ma1,n. For known shock angle b ...