Microsoft Word - Cengel and Boles TOC _2-03-05_.doc
Reference State and Reference Values The values of u,h, and scannot be measured directly, and they are calcu- lated from measura ...
136 | Thermodynamics saturation table (Table A–4) and determine the ufand ugvalues at the given temperature. At 125°C, we read u ...
3–6 ■ THE IDEAL-GAS EQUATION OF STATE Property tables provide very accurate information about the properties, but they are bulky ...
called molecular weight) of the gas. The constant Ruis the same for all sub- stances, and its value is (3–11) The molar massMcan ...
Chapter 3 | 139 6 m 5 m 4 m AIR P = T = m = 100 kPa 25 °C ? FIGURE 3–48 Schematic for Example 3–10. EXAMPLE 3–10 Mass of Air in ...
It can also be expressed as (3–19) where videalRT/P. Obviously,Z1 for ideal gases. For real gases Zcan be greater than or less ...
Gases behave differently at a given temperature and pressure, but they behave very much the same at temperatures and pressures n ...
obtain the generalized compressibility chartthat can be used for all gases (Fig. A–15). The following observations can be made f ...
When Pand v, or Tand v, are given instead of Pand T, the generalized compressibility chart can still be used to determine the th ...
3–8 ■ OTHER EQUATIONS OF STATE The ideal-gas equation of state is very simple, but its range of applicability is limited. It is ...
By performing the differentiations and eliminating vcr, the constants aand b are determined to be (3–23) The constants aand bcan ...
This and similar equations are called the virial equations of state, and the coefficients a(T),b(T),c(T), and so on, that are fu ...
Beattie-Bridgeman, and Benedict-Webb-Rubin equations of state is illus- trated in Fig. 3–60. It is apparent from this figure tha ...
148 | Thermodynamics Properties The gas constant of nitrogen gas is 0.2968 kPam^3 /kgK (Table A–1). Analysis (a) Using the ide ...
The pressure in a gas container is due to the individual molecules striking the wall of the container and exerting a force on it ...
the temperatures are the lowest. Both fog and dew disappear (evaporate) as the air temperature rises shortly after sunrise. You ...
operation of the evaporative coolers(also called the swamp coolers). In such coolers, hot and dry outdoor air is forced to flow ...
152 | Thermodynamics Air 25 °C = 10% Pv T Pv = Psat @ T Lake φ FIGURE 3–65 Schematic for Example 3–14. EXAMPLE 3–14 Temperature ...
Chapter 3 | 153 A substance that has a fixed chemical composition through- out is called a pure substance. A pure substance exis ...
154 | Thermodynamics 1.ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals. SI version. Atlanta, GA: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and ...
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