Microsoft Word - Cengel and Boles TOC _2-03-05_.doc

Chapter 4 | 175 Use actual data from the experiment shown here to verify the first law of thermodynamics.See end-of-chapter prob ...

176 | Thermodynamics (b) The only other form of work in this case is the electrical work, which can be determined from State 1: ...

Chapter 4 | 177 Evacuated space 2 P, kPa 1 P 1 = 200 kPa 3.17 T 1 = 25°C 200 System boundary Partition m = 5 kg H 2 O Qin v FIGU ...

4–3
SPECIFIC HEATS We know from experience that it takes different amounts of energy to raise the temperature of identical mas ...

do the same as the pressure is maintained constant is the specific heat at constant pressure cp. This is illustrated in Fig. 4 – ...

volume. Likewise,cpcan be defined as the change in the enthalpy of a sub- stance per unit change in temperature at constant pres ...

Since uand hdepend only on temperature for an ideal gas, the specific heats cvand cpalso depend, at most, on temperature only. T ...

with temperature is smooth and may be approximated as linear over small temperature intervals (a few hundred degrees or less). T ...

Replacing dhby cpdTand duby cvdT and dividing the resulting expression bydT,we obtain (4 –29) This is an important relationship ...

184 | Thermodynamics where a28.11, b0.1967 10
^2 , c0.4802 10
^5 , and d
1.966 10
^9. From Eq. 4–30, From Eq. 4–25, Pe ...

Chapter 4 | 185 Analysis We take the contents of the tank as the system(Fig. 4–30). This is a closed systemsince no mass crosses ...

186 | Thermodynamics EXAMPLE 4 –9 Heating of a Gas by a Resistance Heater A piston–cylinder device initially contains 0.5 m^3 of ...

Chapter 4 | 187 1 P, kPa V, m^3 2 400 N 2 2800 J 120 V 2 A P 1 = 400 kPa V 1 = 0.5 m^3 0.5 P = const. T 1 = 27°C FIGURE 4 –31 Sc ...

188 | Thermodynamics (b) The work done could be determined by integration, but for this case it is much easier to find it from t ...

4–5
INTERNAL ENERGY, ENTHALPY, AND SPECIFIC HEATS OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS A substance whose specific volume (or density) is cons ...

For solids, the term vPis insignificant and thus hu≅cavgT. For liquids, two special cases are commonly encountered: 1.Const ...

Chapter 4 | 191 EXAMPLE 4–12 Cooling of an Iron Block by Water A 50-kg iron block at 80°C is dropped into an insulated tank that ...

EXAMPLE 4–13 Temperature Rise due to Slapping If you ever slapped someone or got slapped yourself, you probably remember the bur ...

Chapter 4 | 193 An important and exciting application area of thermodynamics is biological systems, which are the sites of rathe ...

The biological reactions in cells occur essentially at constant temperature, pressure, and volume. The temperature of the cell t ...