NUTRITION IN SPORT

nor was there any effect on performance in a 4.8- km treadmill run for time (Williams et al. 1990). Five days of inosine supplem ...

efficacy There are very few well-controlled studies sup- porting an ergogenic effect of ginseng supple- mentation. In their majo ...

References Bahrke, M. & Morgan, W. (1994) Evaluation of the ergogenic properties of ginseng. Sports Medicine 18 , 229–248. B ...

Nissen, S., Panton, L., Wilhelm, R. & Fuller, J. (1996a) Effect of b-hydroxy-b-methylbutyrate (HMB) sup- plementation on str ...

Distribution and biosynthesis Creatine, or methyl guanidine-acetic acid, is a naturally occurring compound found in abun- dance ...

the existence of restrictive cellular membranes (Fitch 1977). Creatinine has been established as the sole end-product of creatin ...

Osterberg 1923; Chanutin 1926). From these early studies, creatine retention in the body pool was thought to be much greater dur ...

appear that, as might be expected, a 2–3-week period of lower dose creatine supplementation (3 g · day–1) increases tissue creat ...

0.05). However, this was not the case for those subjects who ingested creatine in combination with carbohydrate (r=0.058, n=9; P ...

testinal discomfort). Furthermore, the 2 g · day–1 ‘maintenance dose’ of creatine ingestion cur- rently advocated to maintain mu ...

the creatine precursor glycine to the diet, which he attributed to an effect on muscle creatine con- centration. Later, Ray and ...

change). After creatine ingestion, work output was increased in all seven subjects during exer- cise bouts 1 (P<0.05) and 2 ( ...

during two bouts of maximal exercise (each lasting 30 s) following creatine ingestion plotted against the increase in muscle tot ...

the increase in muscle total creatine concentra- tion following creatine supplementation is prin- cipally in the form of free cr ...

phocreatine energy shuttle in exercise and muscle hypertrophy. In Biochemistry of Exercise VII(ed. A.W. Taylor, P.D. Gollnick, H ...

turnover rate during isometric contractions in humans.Journal of Applied Physiology 60 , 1839–1842. Maison, G.L. (1940) Failure ...

Introduction Caffeine is a socially acceptable drug that is widely consumed throughout the world. It is also commonly used by at ...

Caffeine and endurance exercise performance Early studies The interest in caffeine as an ergogenic aid during endurance exercise ...

mance in some athletes at 9 mg · kg–1(Graham & Spriet 1995). Caffeine generally produced no change in venous plasma noradren ...

to increased fat oxidation and decreased carbo- hydrate (CHO) oxidation, as CHO availability does not limit performance in this ...